The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

APOLLOMICS INC.

Primary Offering of

11,043,102 Class A Ordinary Shares

Secondary Offering of

88,538,394 Class A Ordinary Shares

619,400 Warrants to Purchase Class A Ordinary Shares

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale by Apollomics Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company, (“us,” “we,” “Apollomics” or the “Company”), of (i) up to 464,150 of our Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class A Ordinary Shares”) that are issuable by us upon the exercise of 464,150 Private Warrants (as defined below), (ii) up to 155,250 Class A Ordinary Shares that are issuable by us upon exercise of 155,250 Extension Warrants (as defined below), issued to MP One Investment LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Maxpro Sponsor”), the sponsor of Maxpro Capital Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Maxpro”), (iii) up to 10,350,000 Class A Ordinary Shares that are issuable by us upon exercise of 10,350,000 warrants, which were included in the units sold in the Maxpro IPO (as defined below) and were assumed by Apollomics at the Closing (as defined below), with each whole warrant exercisable for one Class A Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $11.50 per whole share (“Public Warrants”), which were previously registered, (iv) up to 57,500 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable by us upon exercise of 57,500 Penny Warrants (as defined below) and (v) 16,202 Class A Ordinary Shares issued by us to certain of our employees upon exercise of options granted to such employees pursuant to the Apollomics Inc. 2023 Incentive Award Plan (the “Incentive Plan Shares”, such plan “2023 Incentive Plan”).

This prospectus also relates to the offer and sale from time to time, subject to the contractual lock-ups described in Apollomics’ sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (the “MAA”) by the selling securityholders named in this prospectus (collectively, the “Selling Securityholders”) of up to (i) 2,587,500 of our Class A Ordinary Shares that were issued to Maxpro Sponsor and the former officers and directors of Maxpro who received founder shares (as defined below) in connection with Maxpro’s initial public offering (the “Maxpro IPO”) (Maxpro Sponsor and such officers and directors, the “Maxpro Founders”), (ii) 25,875 of our Class A Ordinary Shares that were issued to the underwriter of the Maxpro IPO (including its designee, the “Maxpro IPO Underwriter,” (iii) 464,150 of our Class A Ordinary Shares that were issued to the Maxpro Sponsor, in exchange of the 464,150 Maxpro Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, held by the Maxpro Sponsor, which were included in the units sold in a private placement in connection with the Maxpro IPO, (iv) 155,250 of our Class A Ordinary Shares that were issued to the Maxpro Sponsor at the Closing in connection with a promissory Note Maxpro Sponsor entered with Maxpro for funding the extension of Maxpro’s deadline to consummate an initial business combination, (v) 1,560,634 of our Class A Ordinary Shares that were issued to insiders of Apollomics (such shareholders, the “Apollomics Legacy Holders”) who held securities of Apollomics prior to the closing (the “Closing”) of the business combination with Maxpro (as further described herein, the “Business Combination”), (vi) 80,153,133 of our Class A Ordinary Shares issuable by us upon the conversion of 80,153,133 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class B Ordinary Shares”), held by the Apollomics Legacy Holders, (vii) 230,000 Class A Ordinary Shares issuable by us upon the conversion of 230,000 Class B Ordinary Shares that were issued by us to certain accredited investors (the “PIPE Investors”) pursuant to subscription agreements entered into on February 9, 2023, by and between Apollomics and the PIPE Investors (the “Subscription Agreements”), (viii) 57,500 Class A Ordinary Shares that are issuable by us upon the exercise of 57,500 warrants issued to certain PIPE Investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, each exercisable to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share at $0.01 per share (the “Penny Warrants”), (ix) 2,668,750 Class A Ordinary Shares that were issued to certain PIPE investors upon conversion of 2,135,000 of our Series A Preferred Shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Shares”) held by such PIPE investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, (x) 16,202 Incentive Plan Shares, (xi) 155,250 Class A Ordinary Shares that are issuable by us upon exercise of 155,250 warrants that were

We are registering the offer and sale of these securities to satisfy certain registration rights we have granted. The Selling Securityholders may offer all or part of the securities for resale from time to time through public or private transactions, at either prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices. These securities are being registered to permit the Selling Securityholders to sell securities from time to time, in amounts, at prices and on terms determined at the time of offering. The Selling Securityholders may sell these securities through ordinary brokerage transactions, in underwritten offerings, directly to market makers of our shares or through any other means described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” herein. In connection with any sales of securities offered hereunder, the Selling Securityholders, any underwriters, agents, brokers or dealers participating in such sales may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. We are registering these securities for resale by the Selling Securityholders, or their donees, pledgees, transferees, distributees or other successors-in-interest selling our Class A Ordinary Shares, Extension Warrants or Private Warrants or interests in our Class A Ordinary Shares, Extension Warrants or Private Warrants received after the date of this prospectus from the Selling Securityholders as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other transfer.

Certain securities held by the Maxpro Founders, Apollomics Legacy Holders and the PIPE Investors are subject to contractual lock-up restrictions that prohibit them from selling such securities at this time. See the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Securities.”

On March 29, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), we consummated the Business Combination contemplated by that certain business combination agreement, dated as of September 14, 2022, as amended on February 9, 2023 (the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among the Company, Maxpro and Project Max SPAC Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollomics (“Merger Sub”). As a result of the Business Combination, Merger Sub has merged with and into Maxpro, with Maxpro continuing as the surviving company (the “Merger”), and Maxpro became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollomics. Additionally, on the Closing Date, Apollomics completed the sale of (i) 230,000 Class B Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share and (ii) 2,135,000 Series A Preferred Shares Series at $10.00 per share to the PIPE Investors for gross proceeds to Apollomics of $23,650,000. Each Series A Preferred Share is convertible, at any time at the option of the holder thereof, into Class A Ordinary Shares at an initial conversion ratio of 1:1.25. On May 18, 2023, all Series A Preferred Shares have been converted at a ratio of 1:1.25, into 2,668,750 Class A Ordinary Shares. Prior to the six-month anniversary of the Closing Date, no holder may transfer any such Class A Ordinary Shares into which such Series A Preferred Shares were converted. Each PIPE Investor who subscribed for Class B Ordinary Shares also received one-fourth of one warrant Penny Warrant (together with the Class B Ordinary Shares subscribed by the PIPE Investors and the Series A Preferred Shares, the “PIPE Securities”) for every Class B Ordinary Shares purchased, pursuant to warrant agreements entered into between Apollomics and each PIPE Investor purchasing Class B Ordinary Shares.

In connection with the Business Combination, holders of 10,270,060 shares of Maxpro Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued in Maxpro IPO (the “Maxpro public shares”) exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash at a price of approximately $10.55 per share, for an aggregate price of approximately $108.3 million, which represented approximately 99.2% of the total Maxpro public shares then outstanding.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and is therefore eligible to take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements applicable to other public companies.

We are also a “foreign private issuer” as defined in the Exchange Act and are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act that impose certain disclosure obligations and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations under Section 14 of the Exchange Act. In addition, our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Moreover, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with our headquarters in the United States. Our operations are conducted such U.S. headquarters and one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries in mainland China. Throughout this prospectus, unless the context indicates otherwise, (1) references to “Apollomics,” “we” or “us” refer to Apollomics Inc., the registrant and the Cayman Islands holding company that is the current holding company of the group, (2) references to “Apollomics US” refer to Apollomics Inc. (formerly known as CBT Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a California corporation, and the headquarters and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollomics, (3) references to “Maxpro” refer to Maxpro Capital Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation, a blank check company which has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollomics as a result of the Business Combination, (4) references to “Apollomics AU” refer to Apollomics (Australia) Pty Ltd (formerly known as CBT Pharmaceuticals (Australia) Pty Ltd), an Australian proprietary company registered in Victoria, Australia and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollomics, and (5) references to “Apollomics HK” refer to Apollomics (Hong Kong) Limited, a limited company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong, a wholly owned subsidiary of Apollomics, and the intermediary holding company of Apollomics’ two wholly-owned subsidiaries based in mainland China, Zhejiang Crownmab Biotech Co. Ltd. (“Crownmab”) and Zhejiang Crown Bochuang Biopharma Co. Ltd. (“Crown Bochuang,” together with Crownmab, the “PRC Subsidiaries”). Apollomics US and Crownmab conduct Apollomics’ daily business operations. Unlike some other companies with operating subsidiaries in China, our corporate structure does not contain any variable interest entities (“VIEs”), and we have no intention of establishing or utilizing any VIEs in China in the future. As a result, the accompanying prospectus has neither a description of a VIE structure sometimes associated with companies with operations in China nor does it describe the risks associated with such a corporate structure. For a diagram depicting Apollomics’ corporate structure, see “Prospectus Summary—Overview—Structure of Apollomics.”

Investors in our securities are investing in a Cayman Islands holding company rather than securities of our operating subsidiaries. Such structure involves unique risks to investors. In particular, because some of our operations are conducted in mainland China through the PRC Subsidiaries, we may face various legal and operational risks associated with doing business in Greater China (as defined in this prospectus). For a detailed description of the risks related to Apollomics’ holding company structure and doing business in Greater China, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in Greater China.” These risks arise from, among other things, the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) governmental authorities’ significant oversight and

discretion over the business and financing activities of the PRC Subsidiaries, the complex and evolving PRC legal system, frequent changes in laws, regulations and government policies, uncertainties and inconsistencies regarding the interpretation and enforcement of laws and regulations, potential difficulties or delays in obtaining necessary regulatory approvals, and increasing oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy and potential anti-monopoly actions related to the PRC government’s recently issued statements and instituted regulatory actions. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and made a number of public statements on the regulation of business operations in the PRC with little advance notice, including adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. As advised by our PRC counsel, JunHe LLP, we do not believe that we are directly subject to these regulatory actions or statements, as our business does not involve any other type of restricted industry, and neither we nor any of our PRC subsidiaries qualify as a critical information infrastructure operator or has conducted any data processing activities that affect or may affect national security or holds personal information of more than one million users. Because these statements and regulatory actions are new, however, it is highly uncertain how soon the PRC legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond to them, or what existing or new laws or regulations will be modified or promulgated, if any, or the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the daily business operations of our PRC subsidiaries or their ability to accept foreign investments and the value of our securities. These risks could result in a material change in the operations of our PRC Subsidiaries, limit or hinder their abilities to accept foreign investments, and impact our ability to list on a U.S. or other foreign stock exchange and to offer or continue to offer securities to foreign investors, which could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless.

With a holding company structure, we are subject to various restrictions on intercompany fund transfers and foreign exchange control under current PRC laws and regulations and could be subject to additional restrictions under new PRC laws and regulations that may come into effect in the future. For example, our PRC Subsidiaries may pay dividends only out of their accumulated after-tax profits upon satisfaction of relevant statutory conditions and procedures, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations; each of the PRC Subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital; the PRC Subsidiaries are required to complete certain procedural requirements related to foreign exchange control in order to make dividend payments in foreign currencies; a withholding tax, at the rate of 10% or lower, is payable by the PRC Subsidiaries upon dividend remittance; approval from or registration with competent PRC government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of mainland China to pay capital expenses, such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies; loans by Apollomics to its PRC Subsidiaries to finance their operations shall not exceed certain statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”); and any capital contribution from Apollomics to its PRC Subsidiaries is required to be registered with the competent PRC government authorities.

As of the date of this prospectus, neither Apollomics nor any of its subsidiaries have made any dividends or distributions to their respective parent companies or to any investor, and the only transfers of cash among Apollomics and its subsidiaries have been from Apollomics to its subsidiaries for investments in its subsidiaries and for its subsidiaries’ working capital needs. As of March 31, 2023, we have transferred an aggregate of approximately $146.3 million through regular commercial banks via wire transfer (“in cash”) to Apollomics US as capital injection, cash advanced for working capital and payments for the services fee, an aggregate of approximately $13.1 million in cash to Apollomics AU as capital injection, an aggregate of approximately $20.3 million in cash to Apollomics HK as capital injection and cash advanced for working capital, and an aggregate of approximately $50.0 million ($10.5 million of which was transferred directly and $39.5 million of which was transferred through Apollomics HK) to our PRC subsidiaries in cash as capital injections. Other than the above transfers, there have been no transfers of any type of assets among us and our subsidiaries. Since our inception, no cash has been transferred from any of our subsidiaries to Apollomics, and there has also been no cash transferred amongst our subsidiaries. See Apollomics’ audited historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Any determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Currently, we do not anticipate that we would distribute earnings even after we become profitable and generate cash flows from operations. We do not currently have any cash management policy that dictates how funds must be transferred between us and our subsidiaries, or among its subsidiaries. If needed, we may transfer funds to our

In addition, we may be subject to the risk of trading prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”) and related regulations. Our independent auditor, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP, is an independent registered accounting firm based in mainland China. Pursuant to the HFCA Act and related regulations, if we have filed an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) has determined is unable to inspect and investigate completely for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our securities from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States. In August 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the relevant PRC authorities governing inspections and investigations of audit firms based in China, pursuant to which the PCAOB determined that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong in December 2022 and vacated its December 16, 2021 determinations to the contrary. However, there can be no assurance that the PCAOB will continue to have such access. Should PRC authorities fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB may consider the need to issue a new determination, which may affect our ability to maintain the listing of our securities on the U.S. national securities exchanges, including the NYSE, and the trading of them in the over-the-counter trading market. A delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our securities. For a detailed description of the related risks, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in Greater China—Risks Related to Access to Information and Regulatory Oversight—Our ability to maintain the listing of our securities on the Nasdaq may be dependent on the PCAOB’s continued access to inspect our independent auditors.”

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 25 of this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.

Neither the SEC nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

PROSPECTUS DATED              , 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any supplement. Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders have authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. The securities offered by this prospectus are being offered only in jurisdictions where the offer is permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of each document. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

Except as otherwise set forth in this prospectus, neither we nor the Selling Securityholders have taken any action to permit a public offering of these securities outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of these securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form F-1 that we filed with the SEC. The Selling Securityholders named in this prospectus may, from time to time, sell the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. This prospectus includes important information about us, the securities being offered by the Selling Securityholders and other information you should know before investing. Any prospectus supplement may also add, update, or change information in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information contained in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information contained in that particular prospectus supplement. This prospectus does not contain all of the information provided in the registration statement that we filed with the SEC. You should read this prospectus together with the additional information about us described in the section below entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.” You should rely only on information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. We have not, and the Selling Securityholders have not, authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of the prospectus. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any other date.

The Selling Securityholders may offer and sell the securities directly to purchasers, through agents selected by the Selling Securityholders, or to or through underwriters or dealers. A prospectus supplement, if required, may describe the terms of the plan of distribution and set forth the names of any agents, underwriters or dealers involved in the sale of securities. See “Plan of Distribution.”

This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities, or the solicitation of a proxy, in any jurisdiction to or from any person to whom it is unlawful to make any such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION PRESENTATION

Apollomics

All of our financial information included in this prospectus is presented in U.S. dollars, except as otherwise indicated. We qualify as a “foreign private issuer” under the Exchange Act, and we prepare our financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. IFRS differs in certain material respects from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and, as such, our financial statements are not comparable to the financial statements of U.S. companies prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Maxpro

The historical financial statements of Maxpro were prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP and are reported in U.S. Dollars.

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INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

This prospectus contains industry data, information and statistics regarding the markets in which we operate as well as publicly available information, industry and general publications and research and studies conducted by third parties. This information is supplemented where necessary with our own internal estimates and information obtained from other sources, taking into account publicly available information about other industry participants and our management’s judgment where information is not publicly available. This information appears in “Prospectus Summary,” “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and other sections of this prospectus.

Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. These forecasts and forward-looking information are subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described under “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in any forecasts or estimates.

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TRADEMARKS, TRADENAMES AND SERVICE MARKS

We and our respective subsidiaries own or have proprietary rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks used in this prospectus in connection with the operation of their businesses, many of which are registered under applicable intellectual property laws. In addition, their names, logos and website names and addresses are their trademarks or service marks. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the “^®” or “^™”symbols, but the lack of such symbols is not intended to indicate, in any way, that we or the owners will not assert, to the fullest extent possible under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. The use or display herein of other companies’ trademarks, trade names or service marks is not intended to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship by us or any other companies, or a sponsorship or endorsement of any such other companies by us. Each trademark, trade name or service mark of any other company appearing in this prospectus is the property of its respective holder.

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FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

The following terms used in this prospectus have the meanings indicated below:

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events. Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, goals, objectives, intentions, assumptions and other statements that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “seek,” “target” or other similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future including, without limitation, statements regarding: plans for preclinical studies, clinical trials and research and development programs; the anticipated timing of the results from those studies and trials; expectations regarding regulatory approvals, and our expectations with respect to future performance. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by us and our management, as the case may be, are inherently uncertain. These statements are based on various assumptions, whether or not identified herein, and on the current expectations of our management and are not predictions of actual performance. These forward-looking statements are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to serve as, and must not be relied on by any investor as, a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction or a definitive statement of fact or probability. Actual events and circumstances are difficult or impossible to predict and will differ from assumptions. Many actual events and circumstances are beyond our control.

Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this prospectus including, without limitation, in the sections entitled “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

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Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are based on potentially inaccurate assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected or implied by the forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the factors described in “Risk Factors” in this prospectus. Accordingly, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statement to reflect circumstances or events after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this prospectus.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this prospectus. And while we believe that information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and you are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements were reasonable at the time made, it cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section in connection with the forward looking statements contained in this prospectus and any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that may be issued by us or persons acting on our behalf.

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RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information contained in this prospectus, including the matters addressed under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the following risk factors in deciding how to vote on the proposals presented in this prospectus. The risk factors described below disclose both material and other risks, and are not intended to be exhaustive and are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in future periods or are not identified because they are generally common to businesses.

The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects, in which event the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Related to Doing Business in Greater China

Risks Related to Access to Information and Regulatory Oversight

Because some of our operations are in China, our business is subject to a certain degree of complex and rapidly evolving laws and regulations there. The Chinese government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business in the PRC and may intervene in or influence our operations in China at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations following and/or the value of our securities.

As a company having certain business operations in China, we are subject to PRC laws and regulations, which can be complex and evolve rapidly. The Chinese government has the power to exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business in China, and the regulations to which our business in the PRC is subject may change rapidly and with little advance notice to us or our shareholders. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. The central data security, anti-monopoly policies or local PRC governments may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure its compliance with such regulations or interpretations. Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally planned economy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in the PRC or particular regions thereof, and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties. As a result, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of new and existing laws and regulations in the PRC are often uncertain. In addition, these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied inconsistently by different agencies or authorities, and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. New laws, regulations, and other government directives in the PRC may also be costly to comply with, and such compliance or any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions may delay or impede our operations and development in the PRC and subject us to remedies, administrative penalties and even criminal liabilities that may harm its business, including fines assessed for its current or historical operations, or demands or orders that it modify or even cease its business practices in the PRC.

The promulgation of new laws or regulations, or the new interpretation of existing laws and regulations, in each case that restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact the ability or manner in which we conduct our business in the PRC and could require us to change certain aspects of its business to ensure compliance, could reduce PRC subsidiaries’ revenues, increase costs and expenses, require PRC subsidiaries to obtain more licenses, permits, approvals or certificates, or subject us to additional liabilities. To the extent any new or more stringent measures are required to be implemented, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected and the value of our securities could significantly decline.

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As some of our operations are conducted in China, recent regulatory developments in China, including an intent indicated by the Chinese governmental authorities to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted outside the PRC and/or foreign investment in PRC-based issuers, may subject us to additional regulatory review or otherwise restrict or hinder our ability to offer securities and raise capital outside the PRC, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

The recent regulatory developments in the PRC, in particular with respect to more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted outside the PRC and/or foreign investment in PRC-based issuers, may lead to additional regulatory review in China over our operations and offering of securities. As some of our operations are based in the PRC through our PRC Subsidiaries, we are subject to PRC laws relating to, among others, restrictions over foreign investments and data security. The PRC government has been seeking to exert more control and impose more restrictions on companies based in mainland China raising capital offshore and such efforts may continue or intensify in the future. The PRC government’s exertion of more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers based in mainland China could result in a material change in the operations of our PRC Subsidiaries, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Below is a summary of potential PRC laws and regulations that, in the opinion of JunHe LLP according to its interpretation of the currently in-effect PRC laws and regulations, could be interpreted by the relevant PRC government authorities, namely, the CSRC, the CAC and their enforcement agencies, to require Apollomics to obtain permission or approval in order to issue or offer securities to foreign investors.

The M&A Rules adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies include provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle that is controlled by PRC domestic companies or individuals and that has been formed for the purpose of an overseas listing of securities through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies or assets to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published its approval procedures for overseas listings by special purpose vehicles. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the scope and applicability of the M&A Rules to offshore special purpose vehicles.

On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities, or the Opinions, which emphasized the need to strengthen administration over illegal securities activities and supervision of overseas listings by China-based companies. The Opinions proposed promoting regulatory systems to deal with risks facing China-based overseas-listed companies, and provided that the State Council will revise provisions regarding the overseas issuance and listing of ordinary shares by companies limited by ordinary shares and will clarify the duties of domestic regulatory authorities. However, the Opinions did not provide detailed rules and regulations. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. As a supplement to the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, on February 24, 2023, the CSRC, together with other authorities, jointly revised the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration for Overseas Securities Offering and Listing (collectively with the Overseas Listing Trial Measures, the “Overseas Listing Regulations”), which also came into effect on March 31, 2023. The Overseas Listing Regulations set out new filing requirements, report obligations and guidance for confidentiality and achieves administration with the CSRC for PRC domestic companies seeking direct or indirect listings and offerings in overseas markets. An overseas listing will constitute an “indirect listing” where the issuer meets both of the following conditions: (i) 50% or more of the issuer’s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets for the most recent accounting year is accounted for by its PRC subsidiaries; and (ii) main parts of the business activities are conducted within mainland China, or main place of business are located in mainland China, or a majority of the senior managers in charge of business operation and

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management are Chinese citizens or domiciled in mainland China. We do not believe we will be subject to the filing and reporting requirement under the Overseas Listing Regulations since our business activities and management team do not meet either of the conditions. However, as the Overseas Listing Regulations were recently released and their interpretation and implementation remain uncertain. If it is determined that any CSRC approval, filing or other governmental authorization is required for our future offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to do so. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on operations in the PRC, limitations on our operating privileges in the PRC, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from future offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our PRC subsidiary, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ordinary shares. Furthermore, the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt our future offering before the settlement and delivery of the ordinary shares that we are offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the ordinary shares we are offering, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur.

Furthermore, according to the 2022 Cybersecurity Review Measures which came into effect on February 15, 2022, (i) critical information infrastructure operators that purchase network products and services and internet platform operators that conduct data processing activities are subject to cybersecurity review in accordance with the 2022 Cybersecurity Review Measures if such activities affect or may affect national security; and (ii) internet platform operators holding personal information of more than one million users and seeking to have their securities list on a stock exchange in a foreign country must file for cybersecurity review with the Cybersecurity Review Office. Based on the opinion of our PRC counsel, JunHe LLP, according to its interpretation of the currently in-effect PRC laws and regulations, we believe that neither we nor any of our PRC Subsidiaries is subject to cybersecurity review, reporting or other permission requirements by the CAC under the applicable PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations with respect to the offering of our securities or the business operations of our PRC Subsidiaries, because neither we or any of our PRC Subsidiaries qualifies as a critical information infrastructure operator or has conducted any data processing activities that affect or may affect national security or holds personal information of more than one million users.

We have been closely monitoring regulatory developments in China regarding any necessary approvals from the CSRC, the CAC, or other regulatory authorities in mainland China or HKSAR required for listings outside Greater China. As of the date hereof, we have not received any inquiries, notices, warnings, sanctions, denials, or regulatory objections from the CSRC, CAC, nor any other regulatory authority in the PRC or HKSAR. To our knowledge, we are, as of the date hereof, not required to obtain permission or approval from the CSRC nor any other regulatory authority in mainland China or HKSAR. As uncertainties remain regarding the interpretation and implementation of these laws and regulations, it is uncertain when and whether we will be required to obtain permission from the PRC or HKSAR government to list on U.S. exchanges in the future, and even when such permission is obtained, whether it will be denied or rescinded. In the event that we are required to obtain permission or approval from the CSRC or any other authority in the PRC or HKSAR in the future, any failure to do so could result in (i) the delisting of our securities on exchanges outside China and/or (ii) a decrease in the value of our securities (among other consequences).

We and our PRC Subsidiaries are subject to a variety of laws and regulations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The integrity and protection of our customer, employee and company data is critical to our business. Our customers and employees expect that we will adequately protect their personal information. We and our PRC Subsidiaries are required by applicable laws to keep this personal information strictly confidential and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information.

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The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment 7 (effective on February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), prohibits institutions, companies and their employees from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information obtained during the course of performing duties or providing services, or obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the PRC issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, network operators must not collect users’ personal information without their consent and may only collect users’ personal information necessary to the provision of services. Providers are also obliged to provide security maintenance for their products and services and shall comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal information as stipulated under the relevant laws and regulations. The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the National People’s Congress of the PRC on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides the main legal basis for privacy and personal information infringement claims under PRC civil law.

PRC regulators, including the CAC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Public Security, have been increasingly focused on regulation in areas of data security and data protection. The PRC regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are constantly evolving. For instance, various PRC regulatory bodies, including the CAC, the Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations.

In April 2020, the PRC government promulgated the 2020 Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. In July 2021, the CAC and other related authorities released a draft amendment to the 2020 Cybersecurity Review Measures for public comments. On December 28, 2021, the PRC government promulgated the 2022 Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect and replaced the 2020 Cybersecurity Review Measures on February 15, 2022. According to the 2022 Cybersecurity Review Measures, (i) critical information infrastructure operators that purchase network products and services and internet platform operators that conduct data processing activities shall be subject to cybersecurity review in accordance with the 2022 Cybersecurity Review Measures if such activities affect or may affect national security; and (ii) internet platform operators holding personal information of more than one million users and seeking to have their securities list on a stock exchange in a foreign country shall file for cybersecurity review with the Cybersecurity Review Office. Under the Regulation on Protecting the Security of Critical Information Infrastructure promulgated by the State Council on July 30, 2021, effective September 1, 2021, “critical information infrastructure” is defined as important network facilities and information systems in important industries and fields, such as public telecommunication and information services, energy, transportation, water conservancy, finance, public services, e-government and national defense, science, technology and industry, as well as other important network facilities and information systems that, in case of destruction, loss of function or leak of data, may severely damage national security, the national economy and the people’s livelihood and public interests. Based on the opinion of our PRC counsel, JunHe LLP, according to its interpretation of the currently in-effect PRC laws and regulations, we believe that neither we nor any of our PRC Subsidiaries qualifies as a critical information infrastructure operator. As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor any of our PRC Subsidiaries has been informed by any PRC governmental authority that we or any of our PRC Subsidiaries is a “critical information infrastructure operator.”

On November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Draft Administrative Regulation. Under the Draft Administrative Regulation, (i) data processors, i.e., individuals and organizations who can decide on the purpose and method of their data processing activities at their own discretion, that process personal information of more than one million individuals shall apply for cybersecurity review before listing in a foreign country; (ii) foreign-listed data processors shall carry out annual data security evaluation and submit the evaluation report to the municipal cyberspace administration authority; and (iii) where the data processor undergoes merger, reorganization and subdivision that involves important data and personal information of more than one million individuals, the recipient of the data shall report the transaction to the in-charge authority at the municipal level.

Based on the opinion of our PRC counsel, JunHe LLP, according to its interpretation of the currently in- effect PRC laws and regulations, we believe that neither we nor any of our PRC Subsidiaries is subject to the

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cybersecurity review, reporting or other permission requirements by the CAC under the applicable PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations with respect to the offering of our securities or the business operations of our PRC Subsidiaries, because neither we nor any of our PRC Subsidiaries qualifies as a critical information infrastructure operator or has conducted any data processing activities that affect or may affect national security or holds personal information of more than one million users. Additionally, as of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor any of our PRC Subsidiaries has been required by any PRC governmental authority to apply for cybersecurity review, nor have we or any of our PRC Subsidiaries received any inquiry, notice, warning, sanction in such respect or been denied permission from any PRC regulatory authority to list on U.S. exchanges. However, as PRC governmental authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and there remains significant uncertainty in the interpretation and enforcement of relevant PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations if the PRC regulatory authorities take a position contrary to ours, we cannot assure you that we or any of our PRC Subsidiaries will not be deemed to be subject to PRC cybersecurity review requirements under the 2022 Cybersecurity Review Measures or the Draft Administrative Regulations (if enacted), nor can we assure you that we or our PRC Subsidiaries would be able to pass such review. If we or any of our PRC Subsidiaries fails to receive any requisite permission or approval from the CAC for this offering or any future offerings or the business operations of our PRC Subsidiaries, or the waiver for such permission or approval, in a timely manner, or at all, or inadvertently concludes that such permission or approval is not required, or if applicable laws, regulations or interpretations change and obligate us to obtain such permission or approvals in the future, we or our PRC Subsidiaries may be subject to fines, suspension of business, website closure, revocation of business licenses or other penalties, as well as reputational damage or legal proceedings or actions against us, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we could become subject to enhanced cybersecurity review or investigations launched by PRC regulators in the future pursuant to new laws, regulations or policies.

As of the date of this prospectus, we have not been involved in any investigations or become subject to a cybersecurity review initiated by the CAC, and we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, sanctions in such respect or any regulatory objections with respect to our business operations or in connection with the this offering and any future offerings from the CAC. Given the nature of our business and as advised by our PRC legal counsel, JunHe LLP, based on the foregoing analysis, we believe that we are compliant with the regulations and policies in relation to data security (including companies seeking to list on a foreign exchange) that have been issued by the CAC to date as of the date of this prospectus. However, as the Cybersecurity Review Measures and the Draft Administrative Regulation were newly issued, there remain uncertainties as to how it would be interpreted and enforced, and to what extent it may affect us.

On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the PRC, promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which became effective in September 2021. The PRC Data Security Law imposes data security and privacy obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data activities, and introduces a data classification and hierarchical protection system based on the importance of data in economic and social development and the degree of harm it will cause to national security, public interests or the rights and interests of individuals or organizations when such data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked or illegally acquired or used. The PRC Data Security Law also provides for a national security review procedure for data activities that may affect national security and imposes export restrictions on certain data and information. On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law (the “PIPL”), effective November 1, 2021. The PIPL sets forth a range of obligations, administrative guidelines, and enforcement mechanisms with respect to the processing of personal information. The PIPL states that handling of personal information must have clear and reasonable purpose and shall be limited to the “minimum scope necessary to achieve the goals of handling” data. It also lays out conditions for which companies can collect personal data, such as obtaining an individual’s consent. The PIPL regulates personal information transfers outside of China by imposing obligations on handlers before transferring data abroad such as complying with a security assessment by relevant authorities. It also mandates risk assessments for specific processing including automated decision-making and handling that could have a major influence on individuals. In addition, the PIPL has a complex system of enforcement, including fines (that can go up to 5% of a company’s annual

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turnover) and administrative action (including warnings, orders to stop processing, confiscation of unlawfully obtained profit, revocation of licenses), individual rights to obtain compensation, and civil public interest litigation cases through a public prosecutor. If we are to be found in violation of the PIPL when conducting our business in China, we could be subject to the above administrative penalties and civil liabilities, such as warnings, fines, or service suspension or even revocation of licenses, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The Measures for the Security Assessment of Cross-border Data Transfer, effective from September 1, 2022, provide that the cross-border transfer of data falling under statutory categories shall be subject to security assessment. Given the nature of our business and as advised by our PRC legal counsel, JunHe LLP, according to its interpretation of the currently in-effect PRC laws and regulations, we do not believe that we or any of our PRC Subsidiaries is engaged in any activity that is subject to security assessment as outlined in the Data Export Security Draft Measures. However, as its provisions and anticipated adoption or effective date are subject to change, and the interpretation and implementation measures remain uncertain, we cannot assure you that the final rules will be consistent with our interpretation. The promulgation of the above-mentioned laws and regulations indicates heightened regulatory scrutiny from PRC regulatory authorities in areas such as data security and personal information protection.

In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups have proposed, and may in the future propose, self-regulatory standards from time to time. These and other industry standards may legally or contractually apply to us, and/or we may elect to comply with such standards. We expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws and regulations concerning data privacy and security, and we cannot yet determine the impact that such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. New laws or amendments, or re-interpretations of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations may require us to incur additional costs and restrict its business operations. Because the interpretation and application of laws, regulations, standards and other obligations relating to data privacy and security are still uncertain, it is possible that these laws, regulations, standards and other obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data processing practices and policies. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, lawsuits, regulatory investigations, public censure, other claims and penalties and significant costs for remediation and damage to its reputation, we could be required to change our business activities and practices, which could adversely affect its business. Any inability to adequately address data privacy or security-related concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards and other obligations relating to data privacy and security, could subject us to additional cost and liability, and affect our financial condition, operating results and reputation.

The pharmaceutical industry in China is highly regulated and such regulations are subject to change which may affect approval and commercialization of our products once they are approved.

Part of our R&D operations is in China, which we believe confers clinical, commercial and regulatory advantages. The pharmaceutical industry in China is subject to comprehensive government regulation and supervision, encompassing the approval, registration, manufacturing, packaging, licensing and marketing of new drugs. Please refer to the section headed “Prospectus Summary—Regulatory Matters” and “Business—Government Regulations—Chinese regulation of pharmaceutical product development and approval ” for a discussion of the regulatory requirements that are applicable to our current and planned business activities in China. In recent years, the regulatory framework in China regarding the pharmaceutical industry has undergone significant changes, and we expect that it will continue to undergo significant changes. Any such changes or amendments may result in increased compliance costs on our business or cause delays in or prevent the successful development or commercialization of our drug candidates in China and reduce the current benefits we believe are available to us from developing and manufacturing drugs in China. PRC authorities have become increasingly vigilant in enforcing laws in the pharmaceutical industry and any failure by us or our partners to maintain compliance with applicable laws and regulations or obtain and maintain required licenses and permits

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may result in the suspension or termination of our business activities in China in the worst scenario. We believe our strategy and approach are aligned with the PRC government’s regulatory policies, but we cannot ensure that our strategy and approach will continue to be aligned.

Apollomics’ audit report to be included in our prospectus was prepared by an auditor headquartered in China which the PCAOB previously was not able to be inspect or investigate completely due to positions previously taken by the PRC and HKSAR regulatory authorities. Under the HFCAA, Apollomics’ ability to maintain the listing of its securities on Nasdaq and the trading of its securities in the U.S. markets may be dependent on the PCAOB’s continued access to inspect Apollomics’ independent auditor.

Apollomics is subject to potential prohibitions and restrictions under the HFCAA and related regulations. Pursuant to the HFCAA and its amendment, if a company has filed an annual report containing an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely, the SEC will identify such company as a “Commission-identified Issuer,” and the trading of the securities of such company on U.S. national securities exchanges, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the United States, will be prohibited if the company is identified as a Commission-identified Issuer for two consecutive years. On December 16, 2021, PCAOB issued a report on its determination that it was unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and/or HKSAR, because of positions taken by local authorities. Our auditors, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP, headquartered in China, were subject to the PCAOB December 16, 2021, determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect Apollomics’ auditors completely. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. However, there can be no assurance that the PCAOB will continue to have such access. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we continue to use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report in an annual report filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report for the relevant fiscal year. There can be no assurance that we will not be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we are so identified for two consecutive years, we will become subject to the trading restriction and prohibition under the HFCAA.

Starting in 2011, the “big four” PRC-based accounting firms, including Apollomics’ independent registered public accounting firm, were affected by a conflict between U.S. and PRC law. Specifically, for certain United States-listed companies operating and audited in China, the SEC and the PCAOB sought to obtain from the PRC accounting firms access to their audit work papers and related documents. The firms were, however, advised and directed that under PRC law, they could not respond directly to the U.S. regulators on those requests, and that requests by foreign regulators for access to such papers in China had to be channeled through CSRC.

In late 2012, this impasse led the SEC to commence administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act against the PRC accounting firms, including Apollomics’ independent registered public accounting firm. A first instance trial of the proceedings in July 2013 in the SEC’s internal administrative court resulted in an adverse judgment against the firms. The administrative law judge proposed penalties on the firms, including a temporary suspension of their right to practice before the SEC, although that proposed penalty did not take effect pending review by the Commissioners of the SEC. On February 6, 2015, before a review by the Commissioner had taken place, the firms reached a settlement with the SEC. Under the settlement, the SEC accepts that future requests by the SEC for the production of documents will normally be made to the CSRC. The firms will receive matching Section 106 requests and are required to abide by a detailed set of procedures with respect to such requests, which in substance require them to facilitate production via the CSRC. If they fail to meet specified criteria, the SEC retains authority to impose a variety of additional remedial measures on the firms depending on the nature of the failure. Remedies for any future noncompliance could include, as appropriate, an automatic six-month bar on a single firm’s performance of

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certain audit work, commencement of a new proceeding against a firm, or, in extreme cases, the resumption of the current proceeding against all the affiliates of the “big four.” If additional remedial measures are imposed on the Chinese affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms, including Apollomics’ independent registered public accounting firm, in administrative proceedings brought by the SEC alleging the firms’ failure to meet specific criteria set by the SEC with respect to requests for the production of documents, Apollomics could be unable to timely file future financial statements in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome, listed companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in mainland China, which could result in financial statements being determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Moreover, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these audit firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based U.S.-listed companies, and the market price of our securities may be adversely affected.

On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments implementing the disclosure and submission requirements under the HFCAA, pursuant to which the SEC will (i) identify an issuer as a “Commission-Identified Issuer” if the issuer has filed an annual report containing an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of the position taken by the authority in the foreign jurisdiction and (ii) impose a trading prohibition on the issuer after it is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years. Additionally, in December 2022, an amendment of the HFCAA was enacted which shortened the three-consecutive-year compliance period under the HFCAA to two consecutive years and, as a result, reduced the time before the potential trading prohibition against or delisting of our securities should the PCAOB’s access to inspect our independent auditors be negatively affected in the future. On December 16, 2021, pursuant to the HFCAA, PCAOB issued a report on its determination that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and/or HKSAR, because of positions taken by local authorities, which included Apollomics’ auditors. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed the SOP Agreement with the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China, which establishes a framework for the PCAOB to conduct inspections and investigations of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and includes commitments from Chinese authorities on issues that have historically impeded the PCAOB’s ability to inspect and investigate completely. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB determined that it has secured complete access to inspect and investigate audit firms based in mainland China or Hong Kong. The PCAOB reassessed and vacated its December 16, 2021 determination to the contrary and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. However, there can be no assurance that the PCAOB will continue to have such access. Should PRC authorities fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB may consider the need to issue a new determination, which may affect our ability to maintain the listing of our securities on U.S. national securities exchanges, including Nasdaq, and the trading of our securities in the over-the-counter trading market, if we continue to use an accounting firm headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong. Each year, the PCAOB will reassess and determine whether it has complete access to inspect and investigate the accounting firms in mainland China or Hong Kong, among other foreign jurisdictions. Additionally, the U.S. regulatory regime in this area has evolved and may continue to develop in the future.

Should the PCAOB’s access to inspect our independent auditors be negatively affected in the future and if PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect our auditors completely, the lack of PCAOB inspections could prevent the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditor’s audits and our quality control procedures and could make it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors that are subject to PCAOB inspections, and as a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections. Investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures and the quality of its consolidated financial statements. If the PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect our auditors completely for two consecutive years, our securities could be delisted and prohibited from trading in the United States under the current HFCAA and related regulations. The delisting or prohibition of

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trading of our securities, if our securities are unable to be listed on another securities exchange by then, would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting or prohibition of trading would have a negative impact on the price of our securities.

Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure

Restrictions on our subsidiaries on paying dividends or making other payments to us under existing or new laws and regulations of the PRC and the HKSAR may restrict our ability to satisfy our liquidity requirements and could materially and adversely affect the amount of dividends, if any, we may pay our shareholders.

Dividend payments from our PRC Subsidiaries are subject to various restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations and could be subject to additional, more onerous restrictions under new PRC laws and regulations that may come into effect in the future. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC Subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated after-tax profits upon satisfaction of relevant statutory conditions and procedures, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC Subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital. Additionally, under the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”) and its implementation rules, unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC-resident enterprises are incorporated, PRC withholding tax at the rate of 10% is applicable to dividends payable by “PRC tax resident enterprises” to investors that are “non-PRC residents,” that is, investors that do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC, or that have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends have their source within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of ordinary shares of “PRC tax resident enterprises” by such investors is also subject to PRC income tax, usually at rate of 10% unless otherwise reduced or exempted by relevant tax treaties or similar arrangements, if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. Our Company is a holding company incorporated in Cayman Islands and part of our operations are in the PRC. There is uncertainty whether we will be considered a “PRC tax resident enterprise” for the purpose of the EIT Law. As a result, it is unclear whether any dividends paid on our ordinary shares, or any gain realized from the transfer of our ordinary shares, would be treated as income derived from sources within China and would as a result be subject to PRC income tax. If we are considered a “PRC tax resident enterprise,” then any dividends paid to our shareholders that are “non-PRC residents” and any gains realized by them from the transfer of our ordinary shares may be regarded as income derived from PRC sources and, as a result, would be subject to a 10% PRC income tax, unless otherwise reduced or exempted. It is unclear whether, if we are considered a “PRC tax resident enterprise,” our shareholders would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between PRC and other countries or regions. If any dividends payable to our non-PRC shareholders that are “non-PRC residents,” or any gains from the transfer of our ordinary shares are subject to PRC tax, the value of such non-PRC shareholders’ investment in our ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, if our PRC Subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us, which may restrict our ability to satisfy our liquidity requirements. Due to these restrictions and additional restrictions that may be imposed under new PRC laws and regulations that may come into effect in the future, cash and/or non-cash assets held by our PRC Subsidiaries may not be available to fund our foreign currency needs or any foreign operations that we may have in the future or for other uses outside of China.

Based on the experience of our management team, we do not believe that remittance of cash and/or noncash assets from Hong Kong, including cash and/or non-cash assets held by Apollomics HK, an intermediary holding company with no current business operations, is subject to the aforementioned interventions, restrictions and limitations by the PRC government or similar interventions, restrictions or limitations from the government of the HKSAR, nor do we believe such interventions, restrictions and limitations will be imposed on Apollomics HK. To the extent that our cash and/or non-cash assets in Hong Kong or any cash and/or noncash assets held by

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Apollomics HK are subject to the aforementioned interventions, restrictions and limitations by the PRC government or the government of the HKSAR, then, as a result of such interventions, restrictions and limitations, such cash/assets may not be available to pay dividends to us, to fund the operations of our subsidiaries outside Hong Kong or to be used outside of Hong Kong for other purposes.

Your ability to effect service of legal process, enforce judgments or bring actions against us or certain of our officers and directors outside the United States will be limited and additional costs may be required. It may be difficult to enforce judgments obtained from foreign courts against us or our management in China.

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with its headquarters in the United States. We conduct our operations through Apollomics US, our headquarters based in California, U.S., as well as Crownmab, a wholly owned subsidiary of Apollomics in the PRC. Currently, part of our assets, at least one of the members of our management team and two of our directors are based in mainland China. Following the Closing, part of our assets and at least one of our management team will be based in mainland China. Therefore, it may be difficult or costly for you to effect service of process against us or these officers and directors within the United States. In addition, we have been advised by our PRC legal counsel, JunHe LLP, according to its interpretation of the currently in-effect PRC laws and regulations, that it is uncertain (i) whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce judgment rendered by a court in the United States based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws; and (ii) whether an investor will be able to bring an original action in a PRC court based on U.S. federal securities laws. As such, you may not be able to or may experience difficulties or incur additional costs in order to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws in mainland China or bring original actions in mainland China based on U.S. federal securities laws. In addition, while we don’t have any business operations in HKSAR, currently, one of our directors is based in HKSAR. Similarly, it may be difficult or costly for you to effect service of process against this director within the United States, and enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws in HKSAR or bring original actions in HKSAR based on U.S. federal securities laws. Furthermore, any judgment obtained in the U.S. against Apollomics and these individuals may not be collectible within the United States. See “Enforceability of Civil Liability under U.S. Securities Laws” for more details.

Risks Related to Changing Laws and Government Control

Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.

As part of our business operation is in China, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by economic, political, legal and social conditions in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many respects, including with respect to the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industrial development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, regulating financial services and institutions and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past four decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures

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may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.

In addition, the PRC government had, in the past, implemented certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which may adversely affect our business and results of operations. More generally, if the business environment in China deteriorates from the perspective of domestic or international investment, our business in China may also be adversely affected.

The uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business.

As part of our business operation is in China, it is supervised by relevant regulatory authorities in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes and, unlike the common law system, prior court decisions can only be cited as reference and have limited precedential value. Additionally, written statutes in the PRC are often principle-oriented and require detailed interpretations by the enforcement bodies to further apply and enforce such laws. Since 1979, the PRC government has developed a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations in relation to economic matters, such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. However, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and may not be as consistent or predictable as in other more developed jurisdictions. As these laws and regulations are continually evolving in response to changing economic and other conditions, and because of the limited volume of published cases and their non-binding nature, any particular interpretation of PRC laws and regulations may not be definitive. Moreover, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system and regulatory structure. Such unpredictability towards our contractual, property and procedural rights as well as our rights licensed, approved or granted by the competent regulatory authority could adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis, if at all, and which may have a retroactive effect. Hence, we may not be aware of violation of these policies and rules until after such violation has occurred. Further, the legal protections available to us and our investors under these laws, rules and regulations may be limited.

In addition, any administrative or court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce various contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to PRC and HKSAR tax laws and regulations.

We are subject to periodic examinations on fulfillment of our tax obligation under the PRC and HKSAR tax laws and regulations by PRC and HKSAR tax authorities. Although we believe that in the past we acted in compliance with the requirements under the relevant PRC and HKSAR tax laws and regulations in all material aspects and established effective internal control measures in relation to accounting regularities, we cannot assure you that future examinations by PRC and/or HKSAR tax authorities would not result in fines, other penalties or actions that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as our reputation. Furthermore, the PRC and/or HKSAR government from time to time adjusts or changes its tax laws and regulations. Such adjustments or changes, together with any uncertainty resulting therefrom, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Implementation of labor laws and regulations in China may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Pursuant to the labor contract law that took effect in January 2008, its implementation rules that took effect in September 2008 and its amendment that took effect in July 2013, employers are subject to stricter requirements in terms of signing labor contracts, minimum wages, paying remuneration, determining the term of employees’ probation and unilaterally terminating labor contracts. Compliance with the labor contract law, its implementation rules and the applicable local labor laws, including provincial and municipal labor law may increase our operating expenses, in particular our personnel expenses. In the event that we decide to terminate some of our employees or otherwise change our employment or labor practices, the labor contract law and its implementation rules may also limit our ability to effect those changes in a desirable or cost-effective manner, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. According to the Social Insurance Law and the Regulations on the Management of Housing Fund, employees must participate in pension insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance and housing funds, and the employers must, together with their employees or separately, pay the social insurance premiums and housing funds for such employees.

As the interpretation and implementation of these laws and regulations are still evolving, we cannot assure you that our employment practice will at all times be deemed in full compliance with labor- related laws and regulations in China, which may subject us to labor disputes or government investigations. If we are deemed to have violated relevant labor laws and regulations, we could be required to provide additional compensation to our employees and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Further, labor disputes, work stoppages or slowdowns at our operations or any of our third-party service providers could significantly disrupt daily operation and have a material adverse effect on our business.

Government control of currency conversion of and regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay us from making loans or additional contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could restrict our ability to fund and expand our business.

The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of foreign currencies into Renminbi. Under China’s existing foreign-exchange regulations, foreign-exchange transactions under capital accounts continue to be subject to significant foreign-exchange controls and require the registration with, and approval of, PRC governmental authorities. In particular, if one subsidiary receives foreign-currency loans from us or other foreign lenders, these loans must be registered with SAFE or its local counterparts. If we finance such subsidiary by means of additional capital contributions, these capital contributions must be reported to, filed with or approved by certain government authorities, including the MOFCOM or its local counterparts and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (now known as the SAMR) through the Enterprise Registration System and the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System and the SAFE.

On March 30, 2015, SAFE released the Notice on the Reform of the Management Method for the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which came into force from June 1, 2015. On June 9, 2016, SAFE further promulgated the Circular on the Reform and Standardization of the Management Policy of the Settlement of Capital Projects, or SAFE Circular 16. SAFE Circular 19 has made certain adjustments to some regulatory requirements on the settlement of foreign exchange capital of foreign-invested enterprises. Under SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16, the settlement of foreign exchange by foreign invested enterprises shall be governed by the policy of foreign exchange settlement on a discretionary basis. However, SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 also reiterate that the settlement of foreign exchange shall only be used for its own operation purposes within the business scope of the foreign invested enterprises and following the principles of authenticity. Considering that SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 are relatively new, it is unclear how they will be implemented, and there exist high uncertainties with respect to their

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interpretation and implementation by authorities. For example, under SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16, we may still not be allowed to convert foreign-currency-registered capital of our PRC subsidiaries which are foreign-invested enterprises into RMB capital for securities investments or other finance and investment except for principal-guaranteed bank products. Further, SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 restrict a foreign- invested enterprise from using Renminbi converted from its registered capital to provide loans to a non-affiliated company.

Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 could result in severe monetary or other penalties. We cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries, and conversion of such loans or capital contributions into Renminbi. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely affect our ability to fund and expand our business.

Fluctuations in Renminbi exchange rates may expose us to exchange rate volatility, and may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.

We incur portions of our expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, in particular, the Renminbi and Australian dollar. As a result, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk as our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and we have not entered into any agreements to hedge our exchange rate exposure. A decline in the value of the U.S. dollar against currencies in countries in which we conduct clinical trials could have a negative impact on our R&D costs. We cannot predict the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, and foreign currency fluctuations in the future may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Substantially all of our costs are denominated in U.S. dollar and Renminbi. We may rely on dividends and other fees paid to us by our PRC subsidiaries. Any significant change in the exchange rates of the U.S. dollar against Renminbi may materially and adversely affect the value of and any dividends payable on, our ordinary shares in U.S. dollars. An appreciation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would also result in foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes when we translate our U.S. dollar denominated financial assets into Renminbi. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.

Risks Related to Foreign Relations

We could be adversely affected by a deterioration of trade relations between the United States and China.

The United States government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and, among other things, has imposed tariffs on the import of certain foreign goods into the United States, including certain goods imported from China. In response, certain governments, including China, have imposed tariffs on the import of certain U.S. goods. Although innovative drugs have not been the subject of the United States or Chinese tariffs, it remains unclear what the United States, China or other governments will or will not do with respect to tariffs or other international trade policies. A further deterioration of trade relationship between the United States and China, whether as a result of any future imposition of tariffs on the import of Chinese-origin innovative drugs into the United States, or on the import of U.S.-origin innovative drugs into China, or otherwise, could adversely affect our ability to commercialize successfully in the United States and China any drugs for which we may receive marketing approval from the FDA or NMPA. Additionally, a further deterioration of the trade relationship between the United States and China, the imposition of tariffs on Chinese-origin innovative drugs, or U.S.-origin innovative drugs, or the perception that such tariffs may be imposed may adversely impact our ability to collaborate with U.S. or Chinese and other pharmaceutical companies, including our ability to procure license-in agreements to develop and market drugs for the U.S. and China markets.

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The political relationships among Greater China and other countries may affect our business operations.

We have formed partnerships with entities in Greater China and establishing new collaboration partnerships is key to our future growth. Our business is therefore subject to constantly changing international economic, regulatory, social and political conditions, and local conditions in those foreign countries and regions. As a result, Greater China’s political relationships with those foreign countries and regions, in particular the United States, may affect the prospects of maintaining existing or establishing new collaboration partnerships. There can be no assurance that potential collaboration partners will not alter their perception of us or their preferences as a result of adverse changes to the state of political relationships among Greater China and the relevant foreign countries or regions. Any tensions and political concerns among Greater China and the relevant foreign countries or regions may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Changes in the United States and international trade policies, particularly with regard to China, may adversely impact our business and operating results.

Recent international trade disputes and political tensions, including those between China and the United States and China and Canada, and the uncertainties created by such disputes may disrupt the transnational flow of goods, harming the Chinese economy and our business. International trade and political disputes could result in tariffs and other protectionist measures that could increase our operating costs as well as the cost of goods and products, which could affect our customer’s discretionary spending level. In addition, any escalation in existing trade tensions or the advent of a trade war, or news and rumors of the escalation of a potential trade war, could affect consumer confidence and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our clinical trials and those conducted by our partners may fail to adequately demonstrate the safety, potency/ bioavailability and efficacy of any of our drug candidates, including our lead product candidate, APL-101, which would prevent or delay development, regulatory approval and commercialization.

Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of our drug candidates, we must demonstrate through lengthy, complex and expensive preclinical studies and clinical trials that our drug candidates are both safe and effective for use in each target indication. Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the preclinical study, investigational new drug applications and/or clinical trial processes, and, because our drug candidates are in early stages of development, there is a high risk of failure and we may never succeed in developing marketable products.

Any clinical trials that we or our development partner(s) may conduct may not demonstrate the safety, potency and efficacy necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our drug candidates. If the results of our ongoing or future preclinical studies and clinical trials are inconclusive or inconsistent with respect to the safety, bioavailability, potency and efficacy of our drug candidates, if we do not meet the clinical endpoints with statistical and clinically meaningful significance, if the drugs manufactured for clinical testing or for commercialization do not meet the approval requirements of the development program of our drug candidates, or if there are safety, potency or efficacy concerns associated with our drug candidates, we may be prevented from or delayed in obtaining marketing approval for such drug candidates. In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety, bioavailability, potency or efficacy results between different preclinical studies and clinical trials of the same drug candidate due to numerous factors, including changes in manufacturing, trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherence to the clinical trial protocols, and the rate of enrollment and/or dropout among clinical trial participants. As is the case with all oncology drugs, it is likely that there will be side effects associated with their use. For example, both capmatinib and tepotinib, products that have been approved for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic NSCLC harboring MET exon 14 skipping alterations, have warnings for hepatotoxicity based on liver enzyme

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elevations. In our clinical trials to date of APL-101, we have also seen elevated liver enzymes and expect that our product would carry such a warning, if approved. Results of the trials on our drug candidate(s) could reveal unacceptable side effects. In such an event of risk identification of safety risks, our trials could be revised, suspended or terminated by the health authorities, and the FDA, NMPA or comparable regulatory authorities could order us to cease further development of or deny approval of our drug candidates for any or all targeted indications. We will need to manage the prevalence, duration and severity of potential side effects or other safety issues experienced with our drug candidates. Drug-related side effects could also affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the trial or result in potential product liability claims. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly.

Our drug candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or result in significant negative consequences following regulatory approval, if obtained.

Undesirable side effects related to our drug candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by the FDA, NMPA or comparable regulatory authorities. In addition, many compounds that have initially showed promise in clinical or earlier stage testing are later found to demonstrate insufficient efficacy towards the intended indication or to cause undesirable or unexpected side effects that prevented further development of the compound. Additionally, the composition of our drug candidates or learnings in preclinical studies or clinical trials may result in contraindications for any drug candidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval.

If unacceptable side effects arise in the development of our drug candidates, we, the FDA, NMPA, or comparable regulatory authorities, the Institutional Review Boards (the “IRBs”), data and safety monitory boards or independent ethics committees at the institutions in which the trials on our drug candidates are conducted could suspend or terminate our preclinical studies or clinical trials or the FDA, NMPA or comparable regulatory authorities could order us to cease preclinical studies or clinical trials or deny approval of our drug candidates for any or all indications we are pursuing.

Treatment-emergent side effects that are deemed to be drug-related could also affect subject recruitment or the ability of enrolled subjects to complete the trial or result in potential product liability claims. Undesirable side effects in one of our clinical trials for our drug candidates in one indication could adversely affect enrollment in clinical trials, regulatory approval and commercialization of our drug candidates in other indications. In addition, these side effects may not be appropriately recognized or managed by the treating medical staff. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly.

Moreover, clinical trials of our drug candidates are conducted in carefully defined sets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials. Consequently, it is possible that the results of clinical trials on our drug candidates may indicate an apparent positive effect of a drug candidate to be greater than the actual positive effect, if any, or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. For example, open-label clinical trials are subject to various limitations; among others, it may not be able to identify undesirable side effects. In addition, with a limited number of patients, there may be variabilities in results, and we may fail to identify rare and severe side effects of our drug candidates that may only be uncovered with a significantly larger number of patients. If such undesirable side effects caused by such drug candidates (or any other similar products) are identified at a late stage of development or after marketing approval, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

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Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining regulatory approval or market acceptance of the affected drug candidates and could substantially increase the costs of commercializing our drug candidates, if approved, and significantly impact our ability to successfully commercialize our drug candidates and generate revenues.

Additionally, one of our drug candidates, APL-501, is an anti-PD-1 antibody, a type of biological product. Immuno-oncology therapies such as PD-(L)1 antibodies are still considered as emerging and relatively novel therapeutics for treating cancer diseases. Their mechanisms of action are yet to be thoroughly understood, and adverse events or side effects are to be further studied in clinical trials as well as real-world practice. The results of clinical trials for immuno-oncology therapies including PD-(L)1 antibodies could reveal a high and unacceptable severity and prevalence of undesirable side effects. Any such side effects could adversely impact our ability to continue clinical development or obtain regulatory approvals. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly.

We are a pre-revenue biotechnology company with a history of losses. We anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses and net operating cash outflows for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

We are a pre-revenue biotechnology company and our future profitability is dependent on the development of our pipeline products. Investment in pharmaceutical drug development is highly speculative, as it entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that a drug candidate will fail to gain regulatory approval or become commercially viable. We continue to incur significant expenses related to our ongoing operations and drug development. We have incurred losses in each period since our inception. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, we had net losses of $94.8 million and $240.8 million, respectively. Substantially all of our operating losses have resulted from costs incurred in connection with our research and development (“R&D”) programs and administrative expenses associated with our operations.

We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect these losses to increase as we continue and expand our development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our drug candidates; hire additional clinical, operational, financial, quality control and scientific personnel; obtain, maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; seek to identify additional drug candidates; acquire or in-license other drug candidates, intellectual property assets and technologies; establish a sales, marketing and commercialization team or distribution arrangement for any future products that have obtained regulatory approval; and successfully commercialize our drug candidates in one or more indications. Typically, it takes many years to develop one new drug from the drug discovery stage to when it is available for treating patients. In addition, we will continue to incur costs associated with operating as a public company and in support of our growth as a development-stage or commercial-stage biotech company. The size of our future net losses will depend, in part, on the number and

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scope of our drug development programs and the associated costs of those programs, the cost of commercializing any approved products, our ability to generate revenues and the timing and amount of milestone payments we make or receive with or through arrangements with third parties. If any of our drug candidates fails in clinical trials or does not gain regulatory approval, or, if approved, fails to achieve market acceptance, we may not become profitable. Even if we achieve profitability in the future, we may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. Our prior losses and expected future losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our working capital and shareholders’ equity.

We rely on third parties and our collaborators/partners to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials and we must work effectively with collaborators to develop our drug candidates. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our drug candidates and our business could be substantially harmed.

We depend, or may depend in the future, upon third parties and/or collaborators and partners to conduct certain aspects of the preclinical studies and clinical trials on our drug candidates, under agreements with universities, medical institutions, contract research organizations (“CROs”), strategic collaborators and others. We expect to have to negotiate budgets and contracts with such third parties (and such negotiations may vary significantly among the various third parties) which may result in delays to our development timelines and increased costs.

We have worked with and plan to continue to work with third-party CROs to monitor and manage data for our ongoing preclinical and clinical programs. We work with these CROs to execute our preclinical studies and clinical trials, control only certain aspects of their activities, and have limited visibility into their day-to-day activities. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our studies is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal and regulatory requirements and scientific standards, and our collaboration with the CROs does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We, our CROs and our development partners for our preclinical and clinical programs and our clinical investigators are required to comply with the good laboratory practice (“GLP”) and good clinical practice (“GCP”), which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA, NMPA and other comparable regulatory authorities for all of our drugs in preclinical and clinical development. If we or any of our CROs, collaborators or clinical investigators fail to comply with applicable GLPs and GCPs, the data generated in the preclinical studies and clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA, NMPA or comparable regulatory authorities may require us to suspend or terminate these trials or perform additional preclinical studies or clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. We cannot be certain that, upon inspection, such regulatory authorities will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with the GCP requirements. Additionally, if required site inspections to be conducted by applicable authorities cannot be completed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel, then our ability to obtain approvals for our product candidates may be delayed or adversely affected. Regulatory authorities outside the United States may adopt similar restrictions or other policy measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and may experience delays in their regulatory activities. During the COVID-19 pandemic and as of the date of this prospectus, regulatory inspectors have not carried out any clinical trial site inspections in the United States, China or Australia with respect to our clinical sites.

If any of our relationships with these third-party CROs terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or to do so on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, our CROs are not our employees, and except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such CROs, we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our ongoing clinical and nonclinical programs. If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they or our clinical investigators obtain is compromised due to failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for

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or successfully commercialize our drug candidates. As a result, our results of operations and the commercial prospects for our drug candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to generate revenues could be delayed.

Switching or adding additional CROs involves additional cost and delays (including identifying and training suitable additional/replacement clinical investigators and obtaining required IRB approval for any additional/new clinical trial site), which can materially influence our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines. There can be no assurance that we will not encounter similar challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Cooperation of our R&D collaborators and partners working on our drug candidates are required for the success of our projects. Our R&D collaborators may not be our employees, but collaborate with us under agreements. The delivery and the timeliness of their work, as well as quality of their work, may impact the development of our drug candidates and the probability of success. For example, if our collaborator(s) did not provide CMC, preclinical, or clinical data to us on a timely basis or if such data were inadequate for meeting regulatory purposes, the application for marketing approval of our drug candidates could be delayed, denied, withheld, or withdrawn from health authorities like the FDA, NMPA, or other comparable health authorities.

We may need additional capital to meet our operating cash requirements, and financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to obtain such financing, we may be unable to complete the development, manufacturing and commercialization of our drug candidates.

Our drug candidates will require completion of their clinical development, regulatory review, significant marketing efforts and substantial investment before they can provide us with product sales revenue. Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. We incurred $43.3 million and $42.8 million in net cash used in operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. While we believe that our cash and cash equivalents and our other liquid financial assets as of December 31, 2022 will be able to maintain our financial viability until the end of the quarter ended June 30, 2024, we may require additional cash resources to meet our continued operating cash requirements in the future, especially to fund our R&D activities, and if we obtain regulatory approvals for any of our drug candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses relating to product manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution and post-approval commitments to continue monitoring the efficacy and safety data of our future products on the market.

If the financial resources available to us are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek additional funding through equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, licensing arrangements, strategic alliances or partnerships, and government grants or subsidies. It is uncertain whether such funding will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are not able to obtain additional capital to meet our cash requirements in the future, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

We are currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability due to the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from the conflict in Ukraine or any other geopolitical tensions.

The United States and global markets are experiencing volatility and disruption following the escalation of geopolitical tensions and the start of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. On February 24, 2022, a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops was reported, which has since caused significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions.

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Our business, financial condition and results of operations have been, and could continue to be, indirectly and adversely affected by the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Such impact arises from: (i) volatility in the global supply of wheat, corn, barley, sunflower oil and other agricultural commodities; (ii) higher food prices due to supply constraints and the general inflationary impact of the war; (iii) increases in energy prices globally, in particular for electricity and fossil fuels such as crude oil and natural gas, and related transportation, freight and warehousing costs; and (iv) disruptions to logistics and supply chains. In addition, Russian military actions and the resulting sanctions could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to increased instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets, potentially making it more difficult for us to obtain additional funds.

The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market and supply chain disruptions are highly unpredictable but could be substantial. Any such disruptions may also magnify the impact of other risks described in this prospectus.

We have no track record in launching and marketing drug candidates. If we are unable to develop marketing and sales capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our drug candidates, we may not be able to generate product sales revenue.

We have collaboration relationships with several biotechnology companies, and it is our plan to launch and market drug candidates with our partners. However, we have yet to demonstrate our capability to launch and commercialize any of our drug candidates on our own. As a result, our ability to successfully commercialize our drug candidates may depend on our collaboration relationships with partners. If we are to launch and commercialize any of our drug candidates on our own, it may take longer and cost more than it would if we were to launch it with our partnering company who has experience launching and marketing drug candidates.

We may either develop internal sales, marketing and commercial distribution capabilities for any or all of our drug candidates or pursue collaboration or partnership arrangements regarding the sales and marketing of our drug candidates. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to establish or maintain such collaboration or partnership arrangements, or if we are able to do so, that they will have effective sales forces. If we pursue our own sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we will have to compete with other pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel. In addition, if we commercialize our drug candidates, if approved, via such collaboration or partnership arrangements, revenue we receive from the sale of our products will depend upon the efforts of such third parties. We may have little or no control over the marketing and sales efforts of such third parties, and our revenue from product sales may be lower than if we had commercialized our drug candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales and marketing efforts for our drug candidates.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to further develop and successfully maintain in-house sales and commercial distribution capabilities or establish or maintain relationships with third-party collaboration partners to successfully commercialize any product, and as a result, we may not be able to generate product sales revenue, which would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may need to enter into license agreements with third parties to market and sell our drug candidates.

Certain third parties may contend that we need to license from them certain intellectual property rights before we launch. For example, we are aware of a family of third-party issued patents in the United States and Europe claiming genus compounds that may be relevant to the structure of APL-101 (the “Structure Patents”). If we are not able to obtain a license under the Structure Patents in time or on commercially acceptable terms, we may need to delay our launch in the relevant markets until the Structure Patents expire in December 2026, or if

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we plan to commercialize APL-101 as scheduled, we face the risk that the third party may initiate legal proceedings against us. While the outcomes of such legal proceedings are uncertain, if the court’s judgment is in favor of the third party, we may be subject to remedies or injunctive relief, wherein the injunctive relief would delay our commercial launch until the expiry of the Structure Patents in December 2026. Please refer to section headed “Apollomics’ Business—Business Development—Intellectual Property” in this prospectus for further details. If we experience significant delays in commercializing APL-101, if approved, our business could be materially harmed.

We have a limited operating history, which may make it difficult to evaluate our current business and predict our future performance.

We are a development-stage biotechnology company founded in May 2015. Our operations to date have focused on business planning, raising capital, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, drug discovery and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials of our drug candidates. We do not have any developed products approved for commercial sale and have not generated any revenue from developed product sales. Our limited operating history, particularly in light of the rapidly evolving pharmaceutical industry, may make it difficult to evaluate our current business and reliably predict our future performance. We may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other known and unknown factors. If we do not address these risks and difficulties successfully, this could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

A sustained outbreak of COVID-19 virus could adversely impact our business, including our ongoing and planned clinical trials and preclinical research.

There has been a sustained outbreak of the COVID-19 virus globally. COVID-19 had a severe and negative impact on the global economy in 2020 and 2021. Since 2020, as a result of measures imposed by the governments in affected regions, many commercial activities, businesses and schools have been affected by quarantines and other measures intended to contain the pandemic and subsequent variants of the COVID-19 virus. Broad lockdowns under government orders, particularly in China and Europe, were put in place during the first quarter of 2020 and continued into 2022 for several regions in China, including particularly the extended lockdown in Shanghai that was in effect through early June 2022. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic ultimately impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, such as the duration of the outbreak, including current and subsequent variants of COVID-19, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States, China and other countries, business closures or business disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States, China and other countries to contain and treat the disease and to address its impact, including on financial markets or otherwise. As the COVID-19 impact continues, we may experience disruptions that could severely impact our business, current and planned clinical trials and preclinical research, including:

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If we fail to effectively manage our anticipated growth or execute on our growth strategies, our business, financial conditions, results of operations and prospects could suffer.

Pursuing our growth strategies has resulted in, and will continue to result in, substantial demands on capital and other resources. In addition, managing our growth and executing on our growth strategies will require, among other things, our ability to continue to innovate and develop advanced technology in the highly competitive global biopharmaceutical market, effective coordination and integration of our facilities and teams across different sites, successful hiring and training of personnel, effective cost control, sufficient liquidity, effective and efficient financial and management control, effective quality control, and management of our suppliers to leverage our purchasing power. Any failure to execute our growth strategies or realize our anticipated growth could adversely affect our business, financial conditions, results of operations and prospects.

Our future success depends on our ability to retain key executives and to attract, train, retain and motivate senior management and qualified scientific employees.

We are highly dependent on our management team and their experience with our business and operations. We currently do not have “key-man” insurance for any of our executive officers or other key personnel. The loss of the services of any of these persons could impede the achievement of our R&D and commercialization objectives.

Recruiting, retaining and motivating qualified management, scientific, clinical, manufacturing and sales and marketing personnel will also be critical to our success. The loss of the services of our executive officers or other key employees could impede the achievement of our research, development, manufacturing and

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commercialization objectives and seriously harm our ability to successfully implement our business strategy. Furthermore, replacing executive officers and key employees may be difficult and may take an extended period of time because of the limited number of individuals in our industry with the breadth of skills and experience required to successfully develop, gain regulatory approval of and commercialize drugs. Competition to hire from this limited pool is intense, and we may be unable to hire, train, retain or motivate these key personnel on acceptable terms given the competition among numerous biopharmaceutical companies for similar personnel. We also experience competition for the hiring of scientific and clinical personnel from universities and research institutions. In addition, our management will be required to devote significant time to new compliance initiatives from our status as a public company, which may require us to recruit more management personnel.

Any unanticipated departure of members of the management team without appropriate replacement found in a timely manner may have a material adverse effect on our business operations and profitability.

We may experience competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the hiring of management and other qualified personnel. We may also experience competition for the hiring of scientific personnel from universities and research institutions. Moreover, there is no assurance that we will be able to retain or motivate these key personnel on acceptable terms due to a number of reasons, including the competitiveness of our compensation.

Our reputation is key to our business success. Negative publicity may adversely affect our reputation, business and growth prospect.

Any negative publicity concerning us or our affiliates, even if untrue, could adversely affect our reputation and business prospects. We cannot assure you that negative publicity about us or any of our affiliates name would not damage our brand image or have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, referrals and word-of-mouth have significantly contributed to our ability to establishing new partnerships. As a result, any negative publicity about us or any of our affiliates could adversely affect our ability to maintain our existing collaboration arrangements or attract new partners.

We have significantly increased and will continue to increase the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing our growth.

As our development and commercialization plans and strategies evolve, we expect to experience significant growth in the number of our employees and consultants and the scope of our operations, particularly in the areas of clinical development, regulatory affairs and business development. To manage our future growth, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational and financial systems, expand our facilities and continue to recruit and train additional qualified personnel. As we have limited financial resources, we may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our operations or recruit and train additional qualified personnel, and the expansion of our operations may lead to significant costs and may divert our management and business development resources. Any inability to manage growth could delay the execution of our business plans or disrupt our operations, and have a material adverse effect on our business and business operations. In addition, our future financial performance will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively manage our recent growth and any future growth, and our management may also have to divert a disproportionate amount of its attention away from day-to-day activities in order to devote a substantial amount of time to managing these growth activities.

If we are not able to effectively manage our growth and further expand our organization by hiring new employees and expanding our groups of consultants and contractors as needed, we may not be able to successfully implement the tasks necessary to further develop and commercialize our drug candidates and, accordingly, may not achieve our research, development and commercialization goals. Our failure to do so could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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We may be involved in claims, disputes, litigation, arbitration or other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, and any claims or proceedings against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend.

From time to time, we may be involved in claims, disputes and legal proceedings in our ordinary course of business. These may concern issues relating to, among others, product liability, employment or labor disputes, breach of contract, infringement, misappropriation, violation or ownership of intellectual property rights and environmental matters. Any claims, disputes or legal proceedings initiated by us or brought against us, with or without merit, may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, and could materially harm our reputation. Furthermore, claims, disputes or legal proceedings against us may be due to defective supplies sold to us by our suppliers, who may not be able to indemnify us in a timely manner, or at all, for any costs that we incur as a result of such claims, disputes and legal proceedings.

Product liability claims or lawsuits could cause us to incur substantial liabilities.

We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the use of our drug candidates and the testing of our drug candidates in human clinical trials. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may be subject to civil liability for physical injury, death or other losses caused by our products and to administrative liability, criminal liability and the revocation of our business licenses if our products are found to be defective. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, product liability claims may also lead to the following adverse consequences, including:

We currently obtain liability insurance covering our clinical trials. Although we maintain such insurance, any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgment or settlement in an amount that is not covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance or which is in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. Our insurance policies also contain various exclusions, and we may be subject to particular liability claims for which we have no coverage. We will have to pay any amount awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts. In addition, if we cannot successfully defend ourselves against such claims, we may incur substantial liabilities and be required to suspend or delay our ongoing clinical trials. Even a successful defense would require significant financial and management resources.

Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in significant negative consequences to our business and prospects, including, but not limited to, harm our reputation, withdrawal of other clinical trial participants, the incurrence of costs to defend the related litigation, the diversion of our

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management’s time and resources, the requirement to pay substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients, our inability to commercialize our drug candidates; the loss of revenue and the decline of the price of our securities.

We have limited insurance coverage, and any claims beyond our insurance coverage may result in our incurring substantial costs and a diversion of resources.

We currently carry clinical trial liability insurance, and it may not adequately cover all liabilities that we may incur. Inability to obtain and retain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could adversely affect our business. Any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgement or settlement in an amount that is not covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance or that is in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. Our insurance policies also have various exclusions, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We will have to pay any amount awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts.

We maintain insurance policies that are required under the United States and PRC laws and regulations as well as insurance based on our assessment of our operational needs and industry and market practice. We currently hold business owners insurance, directors and officers liability insurance, employment practices liability insurance and clinical trial liability insurance in the United States. We do not maintain any product liability insurance. In China, we maintain commercial employee health insurance, car insurance, public liability insurance and clinical trial liability insurance. In line with industry practice in the United States and PRC, we have elected not to maintain certain types of insurance, such as business interruption insurance or key-man insurance on any of our senior management or key personnel. Our insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover any claim for product liability, damage to our fixed assets or employee injuries. Any liability or damage to, or caused by, our facilities or our personnel beyond our insurance coverage may result in our incurring substantial costs and a diversion of resources.

Business disruptions could seriously harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.

Our operations, and those of our third-party research institution and pharmaceutical company collaborators, manufacturers, and other contractors and consultants, could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical or public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and other natural or man-made disasters or business interruptions, including terrorism and war. In addition, for some of our clinical trials, we rely on third- party research institution collaborators for conducting R&D of our product candidates, and they may be affected by government shutdowns or withdrawn funding. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operations and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We rely on third-party manufacturers to produce and process our product candidates. Our ability to obtain clinical supplies of our product candidates could be disrupted if the operations of these suppliers are affected by a man-made or natural disaster or other business interruption.

Damage or extended periods of interruption to our corporate, development or research facilities due to fire, natural disaster, power loss, communications failure, unauthorized entry or other events could cause us to cease or delay development of some or all of our product candidates. Although we maintain customary insurance coverage, our insurance might not cover all losses under such circumstances and our business may be seriously harmed by such delays and interruption.

In February 2022, Russia commenced a war against Ukraine. The sanctions announced by the United States and other countries against Russia as a result include restrictions on selling or importing goods, services, or technology in or from affected regions and travel bans and asset freezes impacting connected individuals and

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political, military, business, and financial organizations in Russia. The United States and other countries could impose wider sanctions and take other actions should the conflict further escalate. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of this conflict, which could include further sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, threats of cyberattacks, prolonged periods of higher inflation, geopolitical shifts, and adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, currency exchange rates, and financial markets, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we engage in acquisitions or strategic partnerships, this may increase our capital requirements, dilute our shareholders, cause us to incur debt or assume contingent liabilities, and subject us to other risks.

We may evaluate various acquisitions and strategic partnerships, including licensing or acquiring complementary products, intellectual property rights, technologies or businesses, from time to time. Any potential acquisition or strategic partnership may entail numerous risks, including:

Any of the foregoing risks, if they come to pass, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, if we undertake acquisitions, we may issue dilutive securities, assume or incur debt obligations, incur large one-time expenses and acquire intangible assets that could result in significant future amortization expense.

If we fail to comply with applicable anti-bribery laws, our reputation may be harmed and we could be subject to penalties and significant expenses that have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to anti-bribery laws of various jurisdictions, particularly in the United States and China. As our business has expanded, the applicability of the applicable anti-bribery laws to our operations has increased. In particular, we are subject to the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “Foreign Corrupt Practices Act”). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act generally prohibits us from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Although we have policies and procedures designed to ensure that we, our employees and our agents comply with anti-bribery laws, there is no assurance that such policies or procedures will prevent our agents, employees and intermediaries from engaging in bribery activities. If we, due to either our own deliberate or inadvertent acts or those of others, fail to comply with applicable anti-bribery laws, our reputation could be harmed and we could incur criminal, administrative or civil penalties, other sanctions and/or significant expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

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If we or our CROs, CMOs or other contractors or consultants fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our R&D activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by our third-party manufacturers. We and our CROs, CMOs, other contractors or consultants are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Our and our CROs, CMOs and other partners’ operations may involve the use of hazardous waste products. We may contract with third parties for the disposal of these materials and wastes. We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials or in disposing those materials. In the event of contamination or injury resulting from the use of hazardous materials or disposal of hazardous materials, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of these materials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability could exceed our resources. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil, administrative, or criminal fines and penalties. We may incur substantial costs in order to comply with current or future environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. In particular, we expect that our cost of compliance with applicable environmental rules and regulations will increase notably if we commence production of drugs using our own manufacturing facilities. These current or future laws and regulations may impair our research, development or production efforts. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations also may result in substantial fines, penalties or other sanctions. We do not maintain insurance for environmental liability or toxic tort claims that may be asserted against us in connection with our storage or disposal of hazardous materials. If we face allegations of non-compliance with laws and encounter sanctions, our reputation, revenues and liquidity may suffer, and our drug candidates and future drugs could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.

Any government investigation of alleged violations of laws could require us to expend significant time and resources in response, and could generate negative publicity. Any failure to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements may significantly and adversely affect our ability to commercialize and generate revenues from our drugs. If regulatory sanctions are applied or if regulatory approval is withdrawn, our value and our operating results will be adversely affected. Additionally, if we are unable to generate revenues from our product sales, our potential for achieving profitability will be diminished and the capital necessary to fund our operations will be increased.

We are subject to the risks of doing business globally.

Global markets are an important component of our growth strategy. We focus on opportunities in the United States, China, Australia and the European Union. Our rights to our in-licensed products are limited to the different areas. If we fail to obtain licenses or enter into collaboration arrangements with third parties in other markets, or if a third-party collaborator is not successful, our revenue-generating growth potential will be adversely affected. In addition, we may be exposed to specific risks of conducting our business and operations in international markets, including:

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We are subject to changing law and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance.

We are or will be subject to rules and regulations by various governing bodies, including, for example, Nasdaq and the SEC, which are charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded, and the various regulatory authorities in the United States, China and the Cayman Islands, and to new and evolving regulatory measures under applicable laws. Recently, there has been increasing governmental and societal attention to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, including expanding mandatory and voluntary reporting, diligence, and disclosure on topics such as climate change, waste production, water usage, human capital, labor, and risk oversight, and could expand the nature, scope, and complexity of matters on which we are required to control, assess, and report. Our efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.

Moreover, because these laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance becomes available. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices. If we fail to address and comply with these regulations and any subsequent changes, we may be subject to penalties and our business may be harmed.

We are subject to stringent privacy laws, information security policies and contractual obligations governing the use, processing, and cross-border transfer of personal information and governing our data privacy and security practices.

We routinely receive, collect, generate, store, process, transmit and maintain medical data treatment records and other personal details of subjects enrolled in our clinical trials, along with other personal or sensitive information. As such, we are subject to the relevant local, state, national and international data protection and privacy laws, directives regulations and standards that apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal data in the various jurisdictions in which we operate and conduct our clinical trials, as well as contractual obligations. These data protection and privacy law regimes continue to evolve and may result in ever-increasing public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions and increased costs of compliance. Failure to comply with any of these laws could result in

enforcement action against us, including fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by customers and other affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Such data protection and privacy laws and regulations generally require clinical trial sponsors and operators and their personnel to protect the privacy of their enrolled subjects and prohibit unauthorized disclosure of personal information. If such institutions or personnel divulge the subjects’ private or medical records without

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their consent, they will be held liable for damage caused thereby. Although we have adopted various measures to ensure our employees would adhere to our internal control measures to maintain confidentiality of our information, these measures may not be always effective, for example, our information technology systems could be breached through hacking activities, and personal information could be leaked due to theft or misuse of personal information arising from misconduct or negligence. In addition, our clinical trials frequently also involve professionals from third party institutions working on-site with our staff and enrolled subjects. We cannot ensure that such persons will always comply with our data privacy measures. Any change in such laws and regulations could affect our ability to use medical data and subject us to liability for the use of such data for previously permitted purposes.

Regulatory authorities in China have implemented and are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning the collection, storage and use of human genetic resources and the collection and transfer of personal data in China. The Regulations of the PRC on the Administration of Human Genetic Resources (“HGR Regulations”) which were implemented and became effective on July 1, 2019, among other things, require approval or filing from the Human Genetic Resources Administration of China before a Chinese party entering into a definitive contract with a foreign party where human genetic resources (“HGR”) are involved in any international collaborative project and additional approval or filing for any export or cross-border transfer of the HGR samples or associated data. The HGR Regulations further stipulate that in order to obtain marketing authorization for relevant drugs and medical devices in China, no approval is required in international clinical trial cooperation using China’s HGR at Chinese clinical institutions without export of HGR materials. However, the parties in the cooperation shall obtain a filing from the Human Genetic Resources Administration of China before clinical trials in connection with, among other things, the type, quantity and usage of the HGR to be used in the clinical trials. The Biosecurity Law of the PRC, effective from April 15, 2021, restates the filing requirement in relation to international clinical trial cooperation. The newly promulgated Personal Information Protection Law, effective from November 1, 2021, imposes stringent requirements on cross-border transfer of personal data, including passing the security assessment organized by the CAC, or being certified by a professional institution in respect of the protection of personal information, or concluding a contract with the foreign recipient specifying rights and obligations of both parties based on a prescribed template. The Measures for the Security Assessment of Cross-border Data Transfer, effective from September 1, 2022, provide that the cross-border transfer of data falling under statutory categories shall be subject to security assessment. It is possible that these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. In addition, the interpretation and application of the HGR Regulations and data protection laws in China and elsewhere are often uncertain and in flux.

We are also subject to laws and regulations in the United States that address privacy, personal information protection and data security at both the federal and state levels. Numerous laws and regulations, including security breach notification laws, health information privacy laws, and consumer protection laws, govern the collection, use, disclosure and protection of health-related and other personal information. This includes increased privacy-related legislative and enforcement activity at both the federal level and the state level, including the implementation of the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), which came into effect in January 2020, the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) which will take effect on January 1, 2023, as well as other state data privacy and breach notification laws. The CCPA broadly defines personal information, provides an expansive meaning to activity considered to be a sale of personal information, gives California residents expanded privacy rights and protections, including the right to opt out of the sale of personal information and requires California employers to provide employees with a notice at collection describing the personal information collected and used by an employer. The CCPA also provides for civil penalties for violations and a private right of action for certain data breaches. The CPRA expands upon the CCPA by creating additional obligations relating to personal information and establishing a new enforcement agency dedicated to consumer privacy. The CPRA will also expand the scope of the CCPA to include California employees. New data privacy laws have been proposed in more than half of the states in the United States and in the U.S. Congress, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States, which trend may accelerate under the current U.S. presidential administration. Given the variability and evolving state of these

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laws, we face uncertainty as to the exact interpretation of the new requirements, and we may be unsuccessful in implementing all measures required by regulators or courts in their interpretation.

Regulatory authorities in Europe have implemented and are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection, for example, the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018, imposes a broad range of strict requirements on companies subject to the GDPR, such as us, including, but not limited to, requirements relating to having legal bases for processing personal information relating to identifiable individuals and transferring such information outside the European Economic Area (including to the United States), providing details to those individuals regarding the processing of their personal information, keeping personal information secure, having data processing agreements with third parties who process personal information, responding to individuals’ requests to exercise their rights in respect of their personal information, reporting security breaches involving personal data to the competent national data protection authority and affected individuals, and recordkeeping. The GDPR substantially increases the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance, including fines of up to 10 million Euros or up to two (2)% of our total worldwide annual turnover for certain comparatively minor offenses, or up to 20 million Euros or up to 4% of our total worldwide annual turnover for more serious offenses. Given the new law, we face uncertainty as to the exact interpretation of the new requirements, and we may be unsuccessful in implementing all measures required by data protection authorities or courts in interpretation of the new law. National laws of member states of the European Union are in the process of being adapted to the requirements under the GDPR. Because the GDPR specifically gives member states flexibility with respect to certain matters, national laws may partially deviate from the GDPR and impose different obligations from country to country, leading to additional complexity and uncertainty.

In addition, further to the U.K. exit from the EU on January 31, 2020, the GDPR ceased to apply in the U.K. at the end of the transition period on December 31, 2020. However, as of January 1, 2021, the U.K.’s European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 incorporated the GDPR (as it existed on December 31, 2020 but subject to certain U.K. specific amendments) into U.K. law (the “U.K. GDPR”). The U.K. GDPR and the U.K. Data Protection Act 2018 set out the U.K.’s data protection regime, which is independent from but aligned to the EU’s data protection regime. Non-compliance with the U.K. GDPR may result in monetary penalties of up to 17.5 million British pound or four (4)% of worldwide revenue, whichever is higher. The U.K., however, is now regarded as a third country under the EU’s GDPR which means that transfers of personal data from the European Economic Area to the U.K. will be restricted unless an appropriate safeguard, as recognized by the EU’s GDPR, has been put in place.

Complying with all applicable laws, regulations, standards and obligations relating to data privacy, security, and transfers may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to modify our data processing practices and processes. Although we take measures to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, use or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other malicious or inadvertent disruptions. Any non-compliance of all applicable laws, regulations, standards and obligations could result in proceedings against us by data protection authorities, governmental entities or others, including class action privacy litigation in certain jurisdictions, which would subject us to significant awards, fines, penalties, judgments and negative publicity, and may otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our internal computer systems, or those used by our CMOs, CROs or partners or other contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our CMOs, CROs and other contractors are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our drug development programs. For example, the loss of clinical trial data from ongoing or future clinical trials for any of our drug candidates could

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result in delays in regulatory approvals efforts and significantly increase costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of or damage to data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and the further development of our drug candidates could be delayed or impaired.

Increased labor costs could slow our growth and affect our profitability.

Our operations require a sufficient number of qualified employees. According to China Insights Consultancy, the average labor cost in the global pharmaceutical market has been steadily increasing since last decades as the competition for qualified employees has become more intense. We cannot assure you that there will be no further increase in labor cost. If there is a significant increase in our labor cost, our operations and profitability may be adversely affected.

Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our shareholders and restrict our operations, and you may incur immediate and significant dilution and may experience further dilution if we issue additional ordinary shares or other equity securities in the future.

We might raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, and your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a holder of our ordinary shares. The incurrence of additional indebtedness or the issuance of certain equity securities could give rise to increased fixed payment obligations and could also result in certain additional restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or issue additional equity, limitations on our ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. In addition, the issuance of additional equity securities, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our ordinary shares to decline.

In the event that we enter into collaborations or licensing arrangements in order to raise capital, we may be required to accept less favorable terms, including relinquishing or licensing to a third party on less favorable terms our rights to technologies or drug candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or potentially reserve for future potential arrangements when we might be able to achieve more favorable terms.

The amount of our future losses is uncertain and our operating results may fluctuate significantly or may fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, each of which may cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, including the following:

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The cumulative effects of these factors could result in large fluctuations and unpredictability in our operating results. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our ordinary shares could decline substantially. Such a decline in the price of our ordinary shares could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated guidance we may provide.

We may not realize the benefits of any acquisitions, in-licenses or strategic alliances that we enter into.

In the future, we may seek and form strategic alliances, create joint ventures or collaborations, or enter into acquisitions or additional licensing arrangements with third parties that we believe will complement or augment our existing technologies and product candidates, including artificial intelligence, machine learning and other technology-based platforms that may supplement our discovery efforts.

These transactions can entail numerous operational and financial risks, including exposure to unknown liabilities, disruption of our business and diversion of our management’s time and attention in order to manage a collaboration or develop acquired products, product candidates or technologies, incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuances of equity securities to pay transaction consideration or costs, higher than expected collaboration, acquisition or integration costs, write-downs of assets or goodwill or impairment charges, increased amortization expenses, difficulty and cost in facilitating the collaboration or combining the operations and personnel of any acquired business, impairment of relationships with key suppliers, manufacturers or customers of any acquired business due to changes in management and ownership and the inability to retain key employees of any acquired business. As a result, if we enter into acquisition or in-license agreements or strategic partnerships, we may not be able to realize the benefit of such transactions if we are unable to successfully integrate them with our existing operations and company culture, which could delay our timelines or otherwise adversely affect our business. We also cannot be certain that, following a strategic transaction or license, we will achieve the revenue or specific net income that justifies such transaction or such other benefits that led us to enter into the arrangement.

Our management uses certain key business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions and such metrics may not accurately reflect all of the aspects of our business needed to make such evaluations and decisions, in particular as our business continues to grow.

In addition to our financial results, our management regularly reviews a number of operating and financial metrics, including the number of active partners, the number of active programs, the number and progress of active clinical programs, and the number and commercial progress of approved products, to evaluate our

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business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions. We believe that these metrics are representative of our current business; however, these metrics may not accurately reflect all aspects of our business, and we anticipate that these metrics may change or may be substituted for additional or different metrics as our business grows and as we introduce new solutions. In addition, we are highly dependent on information provided by our partners as to the status of their development programs. To the extent such information is later shown to be inaccurate, our metrics and forecasts could be materially and adversely affected. If our management fails to review other relevant information or change or substitute the key business metrics they review as our business grows, or if our metrics prove inaccurate or unrepresentative based on information provided by our partners or otherwise, their ability to accurately formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions may be compromised and our business, financial results and future growth prospects may be adversely impacted.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers for laboratory equipment and materials and may not be able to find replacements or immediately transition to alternative suppliers.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers, or in some cases single suppliers, to provide certain consumables and equipment that we use in our laboratory operations, as well as reagents and other laboratory materials involved in the development of our technology. Fluctuations in the availability and price of laboratory materials and equipment could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our technology development goals with our partners and thus our results from operations as well as future partnership opportunities. An interruption in our laboratory operations or technology transfer could occur if we encounter delays, quality issues or other difficulties in securing these consumables, equipment, reagents or other materials, and if we cannot then obtain an acceptable substitute. In addition, while we believe suitable additional or alternative suppliers are available to accommodate our operations, if needed, any transition to new or additional suppliers may cause delays in our processing of samples or development and commercialization of our technology. Any such interruption could significantly affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

If our operating facilities become damaged or inoperable or if we move or are otherwise required to vacate our facilities, our ability to conduct and pursue our R&D efforts may be jeopardized.

Our scientific and engineering R&D and testing is conducted at our facilities located in Hangzhou, China and the Bay Area of California. Our facilities and equipment could be harmed or rendered inoperable or inaccessible by natural or man-made disasters or other circumstances beyond our control, including fire, earthquake, power loss, communications failure, war or terrorism, or another catastrophic event, such as a pandemic or similar outbreak or public health crisis, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to support our partners and develop updates, upgrades and other improvements to our platform, advanced automation systems, and advanced application and workflow software for some period of time. The inability to address system issues could develop if our facilities are inoperable or suffer a loss of utilization for even a short period of time, may result in the loss of partners or harm to our reputation, and we may be unable to regain those partners or repair our reputation in the future. Furthermore, our facilities and the equipment we use to perform our R&D work could be unavailable or costly and time-consuming to repair or replace. It would be difficult, time- consuming and expensive to rebuild our facilities, to locate and qualify a new facility or license or transfer our proprietary technology to a third party. Even in the event we are able to find a third party to assist in R&D efforts, we may be unable to negotiate commercially reasonable terms to engage with the third party.

We carry insurance for damage to our property and the disruption of our business, but this insurance may not cover all of the risks associated with damage or disruption to our business, may not provide coverage in amounts sufficient to cover our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.

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Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we generate and store sensitive data, including research data, intellectual property and confidential and/or proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves or our employees, partners and other parties. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing a combination of on-site systems and cloud-based data centers. We utilize external security and infrastructure vendors to manage parts of our data centers. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business- critical information, including R&D information, commercial information and business and financial information. We face a number of risks relative to protecting this critical information, including loss of access risk, inappropriate use or disclosure, accidental exposure, unauthorized access, inappropriate modification and the risk of our being unable to adequately monitor and audit and modify our controls over our critical information. This risk extends to the third party vendors and subcontractors we use to manage this sensitive data or otherwise process it on our behalf. Further, to the extent our employees are working at home during the COVID-19 pandemic, additional risks may arise as a result of depending on the networking and security put into place by the employees. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. We may experience security breaches that may remain undetected for an extended period. Our third-party service providers and partners are also subject to these heightened risks. The secure processing, storage, maintenance and transmission of this critical information are vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take reasonable measures to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, use or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or infections by viruses or other malware or breached due to erroneous actions or inactions by our employees or contractors, malfeasance or other malicious or inadvertent disruptions. Any such breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, breach, or other loss of information could result in costly legal claims or proceedings, regulatory investigations, or require us to incur expenditures in connection with remediation. Unauthorized access, loss or dissemination could also disrupt our operations and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Additionally, although we maintain cybersecurity insurance coverage, we cannot be certain that such coverage will be adequate for data security liabilities actually incurred, will cover any indemnification claims against us relating to any incident, will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to the Development of our Drug Candidates

Drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process, with an uncertain outcome. We may incur unexpected costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our drug candidates.

All of our drug candidates are in preclinical or clinical development and their risk of failure is high. Before we can commence clinical trials for a drug candidate, we must complete extensive preclinical testing and studies that support our planned or future INDs or similar applications in respective jurisdictions. We cannot be certain of the timely completion or outcome of our preclinical testing and studies and cannot predict if the FDA, NMPA or other relevant regulatory authorities will accept our proposed clinical programs or if the outcome of our preclinical testing and studies ultimately will support the further development of our programs. Even if we start clinical trials, we are unable to predict when or if any of our drug candidates will prove effective or safe in

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humans or will receive marketing approval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the commercialization of any drug candidate, we must conduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our drug candidates in humans.

We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials, that could delay or prevent our ability to receive marketing approval or commercialize our drug candidates, including:

If we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or testing of our drug candidates beyond those that we currently contemplate, if we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our drug candidates or other testing, if the results of these trials or testing are not positive or are only modestly positive or if there are safety, potency or efficacy concerns, we may:

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Our product development costs also will increase if we experience delays in preclinical studies or clinical trials or in obtaining institutional review board or marketing approvals. We do not know whether any of our preclinical studies or clinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical study or clinical trial delays also could shorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our drug candidates, or could allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our drug candidates, which may harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular drug candidate or indication and fail to capitalize on drug candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.

Because we have limited financial and managerial resources, we focus on research programs and drug candidates that we identify for specific indications. As a result, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other drug candidates or for other indications that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities.

The results of early-stage clinical trials and preclinical studies may not be predictive of future results. Initial success in clinical trials may not be indicative of results obtained when these trials are completed or in later stage trials.

The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials of our drug candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. Drug candidates during later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired results in safety and efficacy despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials and despite the level of scientific rigor in the study design and execution. There can be significant variability in safety and efficacy results between different trials of the same drug candidate due to numerous factors, such as differences in individual patient conditions, including ethnical and genetic differences, and other compounding factors, such as other medications or pre-existing medical conditions.

In the case of any trials we conduct, results may differ from earlier trials due to, among other things, the larger number of clinical trial sites, additional countries involved in such trials, different patient population, different trial designs, and different standard of care and pretreatment of patients before enrolling in such trials. Additionally, several of our past, planned and ongoing clinical trials, including for APL-101, utilize an “open-label” trial design. An “open-label” clinical trial is one where both the patient and investigator know whether the patient is receiving the investigational drug candidate or either an existing approved drug or placebo. Most typically, open-label clinical trials test only the investigational drug candidate and sometimes may do so at different dose levels. Open-label clinical trials are subject to various limitations that may exaggerate any therapeutic effect as patients in open-label clinical trials are aware when they are receiving treatment. Open-label clinical trials may be subject to an “investigator bias” where those assessing and reviewing the physiological outcomes of the clinical trials are aware of which patients have received treatment and may interpret the information of the treated group more favorably given this knowledge. The results from an open-label trial may not be predictive of future clinical trial results with any of our drug candidates for which we include an open-label clinical trial when studied in a controlled environment with a placebo or active control.

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There is typically an extremely high rate of attrition from the failure of drug candidates proceeding through clinical trials. Drug candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy profile despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or emergence of unacceptable safety issues, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. Most drug candidates that commence clinical trials are never approved as products and there can be no assurance that any of our future clinical trials will ultimately be successful or support further clinical development of any of our drug candidates. Drug candidates that appear promising in the early phases of development may fail to reach the market for several reasons, including:

In addition, differences in trial design between early-stage clinical trials and later-stage clinical trials make it difficult to extrapolate the results of earlier clinical trials to later clinical trials. Moreover, clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analysis, and many companies that have believed their drug candidates performed satisfactorily in clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval of their products. The standards that regulatory authorities such as the FDA and NMPA use require judgment and can change, which makes it difficult to predict with certainty how they will be applied. Any analysis we perform of data from preclinical and clinical activities is subject to confirmation and interpretation by regulatory authorities, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval.

Our clinical trials have primarily been conducted in the United States, China and Australia. The FDA’s acceptance of data from clinical trials not conducted under an IND outside of the United States is subject to certain regulatory conditions, including that the clinical trial must be well designed and well controlled, as well as conducted in accordance with GCP. The FDA must also be able to validate the data from any foreign study through an on-site inspection if the agency deems it necessary. A sponsor or applicant may ask the FDA to waive certain of these requirements. An application based solely on foreign clinical data may be approved by the FDA if: (1) the foreign data are applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice; (2) the studies have been performed by clinical investigators of recognized competence; and (3) the data may be considered valid without the need for an on-site inspection by the FDA or, if the FDA considers such an inspection to be necessary, the FDA is able to validate the data through an on-site inspection or other appropriate means. Failure of an application to meet any of these criteria will result in the application not being approvable by the FDA based on the foreign data alone. The FDA applies this policy in a flexible manner according to the nature of the drug and the data being considered. For example, recently, the FDA declined to approve sintilimab for NSCLC, in part, because pivotal data were exclusively collected in China. FDA expressed concerns with clinical data collected from a single country outside of the United States due to lack of diversity, differences in standard of care between the United States and China and a perceived higher incidence of data integrity issues identified in clinical studies in China. If the FDA or comparable regulatory authorities do not accept earlier preclinical or clinical data, we may need to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials.

A number of companies in the pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to a lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles,

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notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. Any such setbacks in advanced clinical trials could materially harm our business and results of operations. Successful completion of clinical trials is a prerequisite to submitting a marketing application to the FDA, NMPA or comparable regulatory authorities for each drug candidate and, consequently, the ultimate approval and commercial marketing of any drug candidates. We may experience negative or inconclusive results, or regulators may be unwilling to accept preclinical or clinical data obtained in foreign jurisdictions, which may result in our deciding, or our being required by regulators, to conduct additional clinical studies or trials or abandon some or all of our product development programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, our clinical development activities could be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.

The timely completion of clinical trials in accordance with their protocols depends on, among other things, our ability to enroll a sufficient number of patients who remain in the trial until its conclusion. We may experience difficulties in patient enrollment in our clinical trials for a variety of reasons, including the size and nature of the patient population, the patient eligibility criteria defined in the protocol, the size of the study population required for analysis of the trial’s primary endpoints, the proximity of patients to trial sites and our ability to obtain and maintain patient consents.

Our clinical trials may compete with other clinical trials for drug candidates that are in the same therapeutic areas as our drug candidates, and this competition will reduce the number and types of patients available to us. Even if we are able to enroll a sufficient number of patients in our clinical trials, delays in patient enrollment may result in increased costs or may affect the timing or outcome of the planned clinical trials, which could prevent completion of these trials and materially adversely affect our ability to advance the development of our drug candidates, which in turn could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The design or execution of our ongoing and future clinical trials may not support marketing approval.

The design or execution of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support marketing approval, and flaws in the design or execution of a clinical trial may not become apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. We do not know whether any clinical trials we conduct will demonstrate consistent or adequate efficacy and safety to obtain approval to market our drug candidates.

Further, the FDA, NMPA and comparable regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and in determining when or whether marketing approval will be obtained for any of our drug candidates. Our drug candidates may not be approved even if they achieve their primary endpoints in future Phase 2 or 3 clinical trials or registrational trials. The FDA, NMPA or comparable regulatory authorities may disagree with our trial designs and our interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials. In addition, any of these regulatory authorities may change the requirements for the approval of a drug candidate even after reviewing and providing comments or advice on a protocol, including for a registrational trial. In addition, any of these regulatory authorities may also approve a drug candidate for fewer or more limited indications than we request or may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials. The FDA, NMPA or comparable regulatory authorities may not approve the labeling claims that we believe would be necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of our drug candidates, if approved.

If we are unable to successfully validate, develop and obtain regulatory approval for companion diagnostic tests for our drug candidates that are required or experience significant delays in doing so, we may not realize the full commercial potential of these drug candidates.

As one of the key elements of our clinical development strategy, we seek to identify patient subsets within a disease category who may derive selective and meaningful benefit from the drug candidates we are developing.

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For example, in connection with the clinical development of APL-101, we entered into a collaboration with Caris to develop an in vitro companion diagnostic test to detect MET alterations. Such companion diagnostics would be used during our clinical trials as well as in connection with the regulatory approval of APL-101. To be successful, we or our collaborator will need to address a number of scientific, technical, regulatory and logistical challenges. The FDA and comparable regulatory authorities regulate in vitro companion diagnostics as medical devices and, under that regulatory framework, will require the test to be analytically and clinically validated and used for patient selection in the clinical trial, which will require separate regulatory clearance, authorization or approval prior to commercialization if not already cleared, authorized or approved.

We intend to rely on third parties for the design, development and manufacture of companion diagnostic tests for APL-101 and other drug candidates that may require such tests. We will be dependent on the sustained cooperation and effort of our future collaborators in developing and obtaining approval for these companion diagnostics and in ensuring the post-market compliance of these companion diagnostics after their regulatory clearance, authorization or approval. Post-market obligations include, among others, ongoing product quality assurance, recordkeeping, complaint handling, adverse event reporting and product promotion. It may be necessary to resolve issues such as sensitivity/specificity, analytical validation, reproducibility, or clinical validation of companion diagnostics during the development and regulatory approval processes. Moreover, even if data from preclinical studies and early clinical trials appear to support development of a companion diagnostic for a drug candidate, data generated in later clinical trials may fail to support the analytical and clinical validation of the companion diagnostic. We and our current and future collaborators may encounter difficulties in developing, obtaining regulatory approval for, manufacturing and commercializing companion diagnostics similar to those we face with respect to our drug candidates themselves, including issues with achieving regulatory clearance, authorization or approval, production of sufficient quantities at commercial scale and with appropriate quality standards, and in gaining market acceptance. If we are unable to successfully develop companion diagnostics for these drug candidates, or experience delays in doing so, the development of these therapeutic drug candidates may be adversely affected, these therapeutic drug candidates may not obtain marketing approval, and we may not realize the full commercial potential of any of these therapeutics that obtain marketing approval. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially harmed. In addition, a diagnostic company with whom we contract may decide to discontinue selling or manufacturing the companion diagnostic test that we anticipate using in connection with development and commercialization of our drug candidates or our relationship with such diagnostic company may otherwise terminate. We may not be able to enter into arrangements with another diagnostic company to obtain supplies of an alternative diagnostic test for use in connection with the development and commercialization of our drug candidates or do so on commercially reasonable terms, which could adversely affect and/or delay the development or commercialization of our drug candidates.

We may not be successful in our efforts to identify, discover or in-license additional potential drug candidates.

We cannot guarantee that we will be successful in identifying, discovering or realizing potential drug candidates in-licensed. Some drug candidates are technically challenging to develop and manufacture. Drug candidates that we identify, discover or in-license may be shown to have harmful side effects or other characteristics that make them unmarketable or unlikely to receive regulatory approval. We may also pursue collaboration with third parties in the discovery and development of potential drug candidates, but we cannot assure you that such collaboration will be able to deliver the intended results.

Our research programs may initially show promise in identifying or discovering potential indications and/or drug candidates, yet fail to yield results for clinical development for a number of reasons, including but not limited to the following factors:

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In addition, we may not be successful in developing additional drug candidates through in-licensing for a variety of reasons, including inability to identify appropriate drug candidates or reach agreement with the relevant counterparties due to costs or failure to successfully advance the development of the drug candidate as contemplated.

Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify new drug candidates or additional therapeutic opportunities for our drug candidates to continue to enrich our pipeline, which could adversely affect our future growth and prospects. In addition, we may invest our efforts and resources in potential drug candidates or other potential programs that ultimately prove to be unsuccessful and impact our pipeline.

If safety, efficacy, or other issues arise with any medical product that is used in combination with our drug candidates, we may be unable to market such drug candidate or may experience significant regulatory delays.

Our strategy to develop combination therapies depends on the safety and efficacy of each component drug within each combination therapy. If the FDA, NMPA or comparable regulatory authority revokes its approval of another therapeutic product we use in combination with our drug candidates, we will not be able to market our drug candidates in combination with such revoked therapeutic product. If safety or efficacy issues arise with these or other therapeutic products that we seek to combine with our drug candidates in the future, we may experience significant regulatory delays, and we may be required to redesign or terminate the applicable clinical trials. In addition, if manufacturing or other issues result in a supply shortage of any component of our combination drug candidates, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and government priority production orders for COVID-19 vaccines, or if we cannot secure supply of any component of our drug candidates at commercially reasonable or acceptable prices, we may not be able to complete clinical development of our drug candidates on our current timeline or within our current budget, or at all.

We may not be able to obtain licenses to promising oncology programs for the American, Chinese and/or European markets on desirable terms or at all.

We seek to form partnerships with global and domestic pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the discovery and development of additional drug candidates for the American, Chinese and/or European markets. The growth of our business may depend in part on our ability to obtain licenses from third parties. We have in-licensed from our partners (i) global (excluding China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) rights of an IND-ready drug candidate, APL-122 and (ii) the Greater China and South Africa rights of a preclinical-stage cancer vaccine candidate, APL-810. These assets are important for our portfolio and in-licensing will remain important for our portfolio strategy. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to continue to successfully identify and in-license new drug candidates with high potential to enrich our pipeline.

The licensing of third-party intellectual property rights, especially in the oncology field, is competitive and a number of more established companies are also pursuing strategies to in-license third-party intellectual property rights that we may consider attractive or necessary. These established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, cash resources and greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive us to be a competitor may be unwilling to license their intellectual property rights to us. Further, if disagreements or disputes arise between us and our current licensing partners, our existing collaborations and our reputation may be harmed, and we may not be able to in-license new drug candidates from our current licensing partners or other third parties. If we are unable to successfully obtain licenses to promising oncology programs for the American, Chinese and/or European markets on desirable terms, it could have a material adverse effect on our further growth and prospects.

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Summary or preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish may change as new, incremental or updated patient data becomes available, and is subject to source verification and validation procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.

As more patient data becomes available, we may publicly disclose new or updated data from our clinical trials, which may differ from earlier disclosed preliminary data. These updates are based on analyses of then- available data, and the results and related findings and conclusions are subject to change following a more comprehensive review of the data related to the particular study or trial. We may also present only certain endpoints rather than all endpoints and make assumptions, estimations, calculations and conclusions as part of our analyses of data, and we may not have received or had the opportunity to fully and carefully evaluate all data. As a result, the summary or preliminary results that we report may differ from future results of the same studies, or different conclusions or considerations may qualify such results, once additional data have been received and fully evaluated. Summary or preliminary data also remain subject to source verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the summary or preliminary data we previously disclosed or published. As a result, summary or preliminary data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available. In addition, we may report prespecified interim analyses of our data, and the results of more patients in the same studies may differ from those of the initial study participants early in the studies. Preliminary data from clinical trials that we conduct may not be indicative of the final results of the trials and are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment continues and more patient data become available. Adverse changes between preliminary data and final data could significantly harm our business and prospects. Further, additional disclosure of preliminary data by us or by our competitors in the future could result in volatility in the price of our ordinary shares.

Further, others, including regulatory agencies, may not accept or agree with our assumptions, estimates, calculations, conclusions or analyses or may interpret or weigh the importance of data differently, which could impact the value of the particular program, the approvability or commercialization of the particular product candidate, and our company in general. In addition, the information we choose to publicly disclose regarding a particular study or clinical trial is typically selected from a more extensive amount of available information. Interested parties may not agree with what we determine is the material or otherwise appropriate information to include in our disclosure, and any information we determine not to disclose may ultimately be deemed significant with respect to future decisions, conclusions, views, activities, or otherwise regarding a particular product candidate or our business. If the preliminary or summary data that we report differ from late, final or actual results, or if others, including regulatory authorities, disagree with the conclusions reached, our ability to obtain approval for, and commercialize, our product candidates may be harmed, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety and efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due to numerous factors, including changes in trial protocols, differences in size and type of the patient populations, differences in and adherence to the dosing regimen and other trial protocols, use in combination with other therapies, and the rate of discontinuations by clinical trial participants. In addition, we may use patient-reported outcome assessments in some of our clinical trials, which involve patients’ subjective assessments of efficacy of the treatments they receive in the trial. Such assessments can vary widely from day to day for a particular patient, and from patient to patient and site to site within a clinical trial. This subjectivity can increase the uncertainty of, and adversely impact, our clinical trial outcomes.

We are developing some our product candidates for use in combination with standard-of-care, as well as emerging or experimental cancer therapies, which exposes us to several risks beyond our control.

We are developing some of our product candidates for use in combination with current standard of care or other emerging or experimental cancer therapies. This exposes us to supply risk to the extent there is not an adequate supply of these therapies for use in combination with our product candidates, either in clinical trials or after any approval, as well as pricing risk if these combination therapies are expensive and the addition of our

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product candidates would be too costly to support reimbursement or payor coverage. In addition, if the standard of care were to evolve or change, the clinical utility of our product candidates could be diminished or eliminated. If any of these were to occur, our business could be materially harmed.

Material modifications and variabilities in the methods of product candidate manufacturing may result in additional costs or delay.

As product candidates progress from preclinical studies to late-stage clinical trials to marketing approval and commercialization, it is common that various aspects of the development program, such as manufacturing methods, materials and processes, are altered along the way in an effort to optimize yield, manufacturing batch size, minimize costs and achieve consistent purity, identity, bioavailability, potency, quality and results. Such changes and/or variabilities over time and those between manufacturers carry the risk that they will not achieve these intended objectives. Any of the changes and variabilities in manufacturing of our product candidates, either by our contract providers or by our partners/collaborators, could cause our product candidates to perform differently than expected and could affect planned or other clinical trials conducted with product candidates produced using the various manufacturing methods, materials, and processes. This could delay completion of requisite clinical trials for NDA and/or commercialization, and could require additional CMC, non-clinical or clinical studies, which could increase costs, delay approval of our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to commercialize our product candidates, if approved.

We may not be able to submit additional INDs to commence additional clinical trials on the timelines we expect, and even if we are able to, the FDA or other regulatory authorities may not permit us to proceed.

We expect to submit additional INDs for our current and future product candidates. However, our timing for submitting these INDs is dependent on the results of further research, including preclinical studies. Additionally, we cannot be sure that submission of an IND will result in the FDA or other regulatory authorities allowing further clinical trials to begin, or that, once clinical trials have begun, issues will not arise that result in the suspension or termination of such clinical trials. Additionally, even if the FDA or other regulatory authorities agree with the design and implementation of the clinical trials set forth in an IND, we cannot guarantee that the FDA or other regulatory authorities will not change its requirements in the future. These risks also apply to other clinical trials we may seek to commence under other INDs or amendments to existing INDs.

Risks Related to Government Regulations

All material aspects of the R&D and commercialization of pharmaceutical products are heavily regulated. Any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations and industry standards or obtain various licenses and permits or any change to the applicable laws and regulations could harm our reputation and business, results of operations and prospects.

All jurisdictions in which we intend to conduct our pharmaceutical-industry activities regulate these activities in great depth and detail. We intend to focus our activities in the major markets of the United States, Australia and China. These jurisdictions strictly regulate the pharmaceutical industry, and in doing so they employ broadly similar regulatory strategies, including regulation of product development and approval, manufacturing, and marketing, sales and distribution of products. However, there are differences in the regulatory regimes that make for a more complex and costly regulatory compliance burden for a company like us that plans to operate in these regions.

The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and compliance with appropriate laws and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with the applicable requirements at any time during the product development process or approval process, or after approval, may subject an applicant to administrative or judicial sanctions. These sanctions could include a regulator’s refusal or withdrawal of product approval, license revocation, a clinical hold, voluntary or mandatory product recalls,

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product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement or civil, administrative, or criminal penalties. Failure to comply with these regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

In many countries or regions where a drug is intended to be ultimately sold, such as the United States, China and Europe, the relevant government authorities and industry regulatory bodies impose high standards on the safety and efficacy of such drug, as well as strict rules, regulations and industry standards on how we develop such drug. For example, we may need to obtain authorization from the FDA or other regulatory authorities as part of an IND application to begin clinical trials, including clinical trials that may be filed as part of an NDA, BLA or other filings to seek marketing approval at a later stage. These regulatory authorities may conduct scheduled or unscheduled periodic inspections of our facilities to monitor our regulatory compliance. We cannot assure you that we will be able to pass all the inspections and obtain clearance in relation to discovery, development and manufacturing, if applicable, from the regulatory authorities. Any failure to comply with existing regulations and industry standards, could result in fines or other punitive actions against us and the disqualification of data for submission to regulatory authorities, each of which could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, any action against us for violation of the relevant regulations or industry standards, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses, divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business and adversely affect our reputation and financial results.

The regulatory approval processes of the FDA, NMPA and other comparable regulatory authorities are lengthy, time-consuming and inherently unpredictable. If we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our drug candidates, our business will be substantially harmed.

The time required to obtain approval by the FDA, NMPA and other comparable regulatory authorities is unpredictable but typically takes 10-15 years following the commencement of preclinical studies and clinical trials and depends on numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities.

Our drug candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for many reasons, including:

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The FDA, NMPA or a comparable regulatory authority may require more information, including additional preclinical or clinical data, to support approval, which may delay or prevent approval and our commercialization plans, or we may decide to abandon the development program.

Changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may also occur, and we may need to amend clinical trial protocols submitted to applicable regulatory authorities to reflect these changes. Resubmission may impact the costs, timing or successful completion of a clinical trial.

If we experience delays in the completion of, or the termination of, a clinical trial of any of our drug candidates, the commercial prospects of that drug candidate will be impaired, and our ability to generate product sales revenues from any of those drug candidates will be delayed or may not materialize at all. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our drug candidate development and approval process, and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate related revenues for that candidate. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our drug candidates.

We depend substantially on the success of our drug candidates, all of which are in preclinical or clinical development, and our ability to identify additional drug candidates. If we are unable to successfully identify new drug candidates, complete clinical development, obtain regulatory approval and commercialize our drug candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially impaired.

Our business will depend on the successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our drug candidates for the treatment of patients with our targeted indications, all of which are still in preclinical or clinical development, and other new drug candidates that we may identify and develop. We cannot guarantee that we are able to obtain regulatory approvals for our drug candidates in a timely manner, or at all. In addition, none of our drug candidates has been approved for marketing in the United States, China or any other jurisdiction. Each of our drug candidates will require additional preclinical and/or clinical development, regulatory approvals in multiple jurisdictions, development of manufacturing and supply capacity, substantial investment and significant marketing efforts before we generate any revenue from product sales.

The success of our drug candidates will depend on several factors, including but not limited to the successful completion of preclinical and/or clinical trials or studies, receipt of regulatory approvals from applicable regulatory authorities for planned clinical trials, future clinical trials or drug registrations, maintaining adequate manufacturing capabilities and capacities, commercialization of our existing drug candidates, hiring sufficient technical experts to oversee all development and regulatory activities and license renewal and meeting of the safety requirements.

If we do not achieve one or more of these in a timely manner or at all, we could experience significant delays in our ability to obtain approval for our drug candidates, which would materially harm our business and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenues and cash flows to continue our operations, and therefore have a materially adversely effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospect.

Changes in government regulations or in practices relating to the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, including healthcare reform in China, and compliance with new regulations may result in additional costs.

The drug market is heavily regulated globally, including in the United States and China. Changes in government regulations or in practices relating to the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, such as a relaxation in regulatory requirements, or the introduction of simplified approval procedures which will lower the entry barrier for potential competitors, or an increase in regulatory requirements which may increase the difficulty for us to satisfy such requirements, may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial

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condition, results of operations and prospects. In particular, there have been recent regulatory initiatives in China that declared the Chinese government’s intention to encourage the transformation and upgrade of the pharmaceutical industry and to accelerate the approval process for clinical trials. However, the regulatory process in China is evolving and subject to change. Any future policies, or changes to current polices, that the NMPA approves might require us to change our planned clinical trial design or otherwise spend additional resources and effort to obtain approvals of our drug candidates. In addition, the Oncology Center of Excellence within the FDA has recently advanced Project Optimus, which is an initiative to reform the dose optimization and dose selection paradigm in oncology drug development to emphasize selection of an optimal dose, which is a dose or doses that maximizes not only the efficacy of a drug but the safety and tolerability as well. This shift from the prior approach, which generally determined the maximum tolerated dose, may require sponsors to spend additional time and resources to further explore a product candidate’s dose-response relationship to facilitate optimum dose selection in a target population. Other recent Oncology Center of Excellence initiatives have included Project FrontRunner, a new initiative with a goal of developing a framework for identifying candidate drugs for initial clinical development in the earlier advanced setting rather than for treatment of patients who have received numerous prior lines of therapies or have exhausted available treatment options. We are considering these and other policy changes as they relate to our product candidates.

In addition, policy changes may contain significant limitations related to use restrictions for certain age groups, warnings, precautions or contraindications, or may be subject to burdensome post-approval study or risk management requirements.

If we are unable to obtain regulatory approvals for our drug candidates in one or more jurisdictions, or any approval contains significant limitations, we may not be able to obtain sufficient funding or generate sufficient revenue to continue the development of our drug candidates or any other drug candidate that we may develop in the future.

Adverse drug reactions and negative results from off-label use of our products could materially harm our business reputation, product brand name, financial condition and expose us to liability.

Products distributed or sold in the pharmaceutical market may be subject to off-label drug use. Off-label drug use is prescribing a product for an indication, population, dosage or in a dosage form that is not in accordance with regulatory approved usage and labeling. Even though the FDA, NMPA and other comparable regulatory authorities actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label use, there remains the risk that our product is subject to off-label drug use and is prescribed in a patient population, dosage or dosage form that has not been approved by competent authorities. This occurrence may render our products less effective or entirely ineffective and may cause adverse drug reactions. Any of these occurrences can create negative publicity and significantly harm our business reputation, product brand name, commercial operations and financial condition. These occurrences may also expose us to liability and cause, or lead to, a delay in the progress of our clinical trials and may also ultimately result in failure to obtain regulatory approval for our drug candidates.

Even if we are able to commercialize any approved drug candidates, the drug candidates may become subject to national or other third-party reimbursement practices or unfavorable pricing regulations, which could harm our business and prospects.

The regulations that govern regulatory approvals, pricing and reimbursement for new therapeutic products vary widely from country to country. In China and some markets outside China, prescription pharmaceutical pricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain regulatory approval for a drug in a particular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay our commercial launch of the drug and negatively impact our revenues.

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Our ability to commercialize any approved drug candidates successfully also will depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for these drugs and related treatments will be available from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations.

A primary trend in the global healthcare industry is cost containment. Government authorities and third-party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications.

In China, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China or provincial or local human resources and social security authorities, together with other government authorities, review the inclusion or removal of drugs from the China’s National Drug Catalog for Basic Medical Insurance, Work-related Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance, or the National Reimbursement Drug List (the “NRDL”), or provincial or local medical insurance catalogues for the National Medical Insurance Program (the “PRDL”), regularly, and the tier under which a drug will be classified, both of which affect the amounts reimbursable to program participants for their purchases of those drugs. In recent years, the Chinese government has expanded the NRDL coverage, which is expected to make oncology treatments more accessible and affordable, contributing to an increase in the market size of oncology drugs in China.

There can be no assurance that any of our future approved drug candidates will be included in the NRDL or the PRDL. Products included in the NRDL or the PRDL are typically generic and essential drugs. Innovative drugs similar to our drug candidates have historically been more limited on their inclusion in the NRDL or the PRDL due to the affordability of the government’s Basic Medical Insurance.

If we were to successfully launch commercial sales of our products but fail in our efforts to have our products included in the NRDL or PRDL, our revenue from commercial sales will be highly dependent on patient self-payment, which can make our products less competitive. Additionally, even if the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the PRC or any of its local counterparts accepts our application for the inclusion of products in the NRDL or PRDL, our potential revenue from the sales of these products could still decrease as a result of the significantly lowered prices we may be required to charge for our products to be included in the NRDL or PRDL.

In the United States, no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for drugs exists among third-party payors. As a result, obtaining coverage and reimbursement approval of a drug from a government or other third- party payor is a time-consuming and costly process that could require us to provide to each payor supporting scientific, clinical and cost-effectiveness data for the use of our future approved drugs on a payor-by-payor basis, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained. Even if we obtain coverage for a given drug, the resulting reimbursement rates might not be adequate for us to achieve or sustain profitability or may require co-payments that patients find unacceptably high. Additionally, third-party payors may not cover, or provide adequate reimbursement for, long-term follow-up evaluations required following the use of our future approved drug candidates. Patients are unlikely to use any of our future approved drug candidates unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the cost of the drug. Because some of our drug candidates have a higher cost than conventional therapies, and may require long-term follow-up evaluations, the risk that coverage and reimbursement rates may be inadequate for us to achieve profitability may be greater.

Increasingly, third-party payors are requiring that companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices and are challenging the prices charged for medical products. We cannot be sure that reimbursement will be available for any approved drug candidate that we commercialize and, if reimbursement is available, what the level of reimbursement will be. Reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, any approved drug candidate that we commercialize. Obtaining or maintaining reimbursement for approved drug candidates may be particularly difficult because of the higher prices often associated with drugs administered under the supervision of a physician. If reimbursement is not available or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any drug candidate that we in-license or successfully develop.

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There may be significant delays in obtaining reimbursement for approved drug candidates, and coverage may be more limited than the purposes for which the drug candidates are approved by the FDA, NMPA or other comparable regulatory authorities. Moreover, eligibility for reimbursement does not imply that any drug will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale and distribution. Interim payments for new drugs, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover our costs and may not be made permanent. Payment rates may vary according to the use of the drug and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on payments allowed for lower cost drugs that are already reimbursed, and may be incorporated into existing payments for other services. Prices for drugs may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payors and by any future weakening of laws that presently restrict imports of drugs from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United States. Our inability to promptly obtain coverage and profitable payment rates from both government-funded and private payors for any future approved drug candidates and any new drugs that we develop could have a material adverse effect on our business, our operating results, and our overall financial condition.

We intend to seek approval to market our drug candidates in China, the United States, the European Union and in other jurisdictions. In both China and the European Union, the pricing of drugs is subject to governmental control, which can take considerable time even after obtaining regulatory approval. Market acceptance and sales of any of our future approved drug candidates will depend significantly on the availability of adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors for drugs and may be affected by existing and future health care reform measures.

Illegal and/or parallel imports and counterfeit pharmaceutical products may reduce demand for our future approved drug candidates and could have a negative impact on our reputation and business.

Illegal importation of competing products from countries where government price controls or other market dynamics result in lower prices may adversely affect the demand for our future approved drug candidates and, in turn, may adversely affect our sales and profitability in the United States, China and other countries where we commercialize our future products. Unapproved foreign imports of prescription drugs are illegal under current laws of the United States and China. However, illegal imports may continue to occur or even increase as the ability of patients to obtain these lower priced imports continues to grow. Furthermore, cross-border imports from lower-priced markets (parallel imports) into higher-priced markets could harm sales of our future drug products and exert commercial pressure on pricing within one or more markets. In addition, competent government authorities may expand consumers’ ability to import lower priced versions of our future approved products or competing products from outside China or other countries where we operate. Any future legislation or regulations that increase consumer access to lower priced medicines from outside China or other countries where we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We may face competition in the United States for our development candidates and investigational medicines, if approved, from therapies sourced from foreign countries that have placed price controls on pharmaceutical products. In the United States, the FDA issued a final guidance document in 2020 outlining a pathway for manufacturers to obtain an additional National Drug Code (“NDC”) for an FDA-approved drug that was originally intended to be marketed in a foreign country and that was authorized for sale in that foreign country. The market implications of the final guidance is unknown at this time. Proponents of drug reimportation may attempt to pass legislation that would directly allow reimportation under certain circumstances. Further legislation or regulations allowing the reimportation of drugs, if enacted, could decrease the price we receive for any products that we may develop and adversely affect our future revenues and prospects for profitability.

Certain products distributed or sold in the pharmaceutical market may be manufactured without proper licenses or approvals, or are fraudulently mislabeled with respect to their content or manufacturers. These products are generally referred to as counterfeit pharmaceutical products. The counterfeit pharmaceutical product control and enforcement system may be inadequate to discourage or eliminate the manufacturing and sale of counterfeit pharmaceutical products imitating our products. Since counterfeit pharmaceutical products in many cases have very similar appearances compared with the authentic pharmaceutical product but are generally sold at lower prices, counterfeits of our products can quickly erode the demand for our future approved drug candidates.

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Any of our future approved drug candidates will be subject to ongoing or additional regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review, which may result in significant additional expense, and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with regulatory requirements or experience unanticipated problems with our drug candidates.

Any of our future approved drug candidates will be subject to ongoing or additional regulatory requirements for manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage, advertising, promotion, sampling, record-keeping, conduct of post-marketing studies, and submission of safety, efficacy, and other post-market information, including both federal and state requirements in the United States and requirements of comparable regulatory authorities in China and other countries.

Manufacturers and manufacturers’ facilities are required to comply with extensive FDA, NMPA and comparable regulatory authority requirements ensuring that quality control and manufacturing procedures conform to cGMP regulations. As such, we will be subject to continual review and inspections to assess compliance with cGMP and adherence to commitments made in any NDA, BLA, other marketing application, and previous responses to any inspection observations if we were to build manufacturing facilities in the future. Accordingly, we and others with whom we work must continue to expend time, money and effort in all areas of regulatory compliance, including manufacturing, production and quality control.

Any approvals that we receive for our drug candidates may be subject to limitations on the approved indicated uses for which the drug may be marketed or to the conditions of approval, which could adversely affect the drug’s commercial potential or contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety and efficacy of the drug candidate. The FDA, NMPA or a comparable regulatory authority may also require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy program as a condition of approval of our drug candidates or following approval. In addition, if the FDA, NMPA or a comparable regulatory authority approves our drug candidates, we will have to comply with requirements, including, for example, submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance with cGMP and good clinical practice, or GCP, for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval.

The FDA, NMPA and other regulatory authorities strictly regulate the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of products that are placed on the market. Generally, drugs may be promoted only for their approved indications and for use in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling. The FDA, NMPA and other regulatory authorities actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant liability.

Current and future legislation may affect the prices we may obtain.

In the United States and certain other jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the healthcare system that could affect our ability to sell profitably any drug candidates for which we obtain marketing approval. In March 2010, the U.S. government enacted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care Education and Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “ACA”), which represented the most comprehensive overhaul of both the public and private healthcare systems ever enacted in the United States. The ACA substantially expanded the number of insured individuals in the United States through a combination of expanded Medicaid eligibility; established an insurance exchange through which individuals and groups without coverage may purchase commercial health insurance; prohibited coverage exclusions for pre-existing conditions; and implemented other measures. The ACA also imposed on manufacturers a variety of additional rebates, discounts, fees, taxes and reporting and regulatory requirements.

On September 9, 2021, the Biden administration published a wide-ranging list of policy proposals, most of which would need to be carried out by Congress, to reduce drug prices and drug payment. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) plan includes, among other reform measures, proposals to lower prescription drug prices, including by allowing Medicare to negotiate prices and disincentivizing price increases,

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and to support market changes that strengthen supply chains, promote biosimilars and generic drugs, and increase price transparency. These initiatives recently culminated in the enactment of the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) in August 2022, which will, among other things, allow HHS to negotiate the selling price of certain drugs and biologics that CMS reimburses under Medicare Part B and Part D, although this will only apply to high- expenditure single-source drugs that have been approved for at least 7 years (11 years for biologics). The negotiated prices, which will first become effective in 2026, will be capped at a statutory ceiling price beginning in October 2023, penalize drug manufacturers that increase prices of Medicare Part B and Part D drugs at a rate greater than the rate of inflation. The IRA permits the Secretary of HHS to implement many of these provisions through guidance, as opposed to regulation, for the initial years. Manufacturers that fail to comply with the IRA may be subject to various penalties, including civil monetary penalties. The IRA also extends enhanced subsidies for individuals purchasing health insurance coverage in ACA marketplaces through plan year 2025. These provisions will take effect progressively starting in 2023, although they may be subject to legal challenges.

If we participate in compassionate use programs, current regulatory discrepancies among competent authorities of different countries may lead to increased risk of adverse drug reaction and serious adverse events being produced from the use of our products.

Compassionate use programs are regulatory programs that facilitate access to investigational drugs for the treatment of patients with serious or immediately life-threatening diseases or conditions that lack therapeutic alternatives. Currently, there is no unified approach or standard practice to regulate compassionate use programs amongst competent authorities in different countries for access to investigational drugs. In China, the newly amended Drug Administration Law of the PRC introduced the compassionate use programs, permitting pharmaceuticals undergoing clinical trials, intended for the treatment of a seriously life-threatening disease of which there has been no effective treatment, which possibly deliver benefits as indicated by medical observation, in a manner in conformity with the ethical principles, with approval and informed consent, to be administered in the institution conducting the clinical trials to patients suffering from the same disease. In the United States, the compassionate use, or expanded access, program is limited to patients outside clinical trials that have a serious or immediately life-threatening disease or condition where there is no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy to treat the disease or condition and where the potential patient benefit justifies the potential risks.

The regulatory discrepancy for the compassionate use program among competent authorities in different countries may lead to uneven patient entry criteria and protocols for compassionate use programs. This may create increased risk for serious adverse events because of enrolled patients’ advanced disease or comorbidities. In addition, because the products in compassionate use programs are investigational drugs, many of which are still in early experimental stages and have not received marketing approval, patients in compassionate use program may exhibit adverse drug reactions from using these products. If we participate in compassionate use programs, we may be subject to the risk of enrolled patients exhibiting adverse drug reactions or serious adverse events being produced from the use of our products, including unexpected and potentially treatment-related serious adverse events. These occurrences can potentially lead to inquiries from regulators, clinical holds of our ongoing clinical trials or complicate the determination of the safety profile of a drug candidate under regulatory review for commercial marketing.

For any current and future clinical trials for our product candidates outside the home jurisdiction, the FDA, NMPA, EMA, and applicable foreign regulatory authorities may not accept data from such trials.

We conduct clinical trials outside the United States, including in China, Australia and Europe, and we may choose to conduct future clinical trials outside the United States. The acceptance of study data from clinical trials conducted outside the United States or another jurisdiction by the FDA, NMPA, EMA, or applicable foreign regulatory authority may be subject to certain conditions. In cases where data from foreign clinical trials are intended to serve as the basis for marketing approval in the United States, the FDA will generally not approve the application on the basis of foreign data alone unless the data are applicable to the United States population and United States medical practice, and the trials were performed by clinical investigators of recognized competence

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and pursuant to GCP regulations. Foreign data may be considered valid without the need for an on-site inspection by the FDA or, if the FDA considers such an inspection to be necessary, the FDA must be able to validate the data through an on-site inspection or other appropriate means. Additionally, the FDA’s clinical trial requirements, including sufficient size of patient populations and statistical powering, must be met. Many foreign regulatory bodies have comparable approval requirements, including appropriate examination of the product in the country-specific population. In addition, such foreign trials would be subject to the applicable local laws of the foreign jurisdictions where the trials are conducted. There can be no assurance that the FDA, NMPA, EMA, or any applicable foreign regulatory authority will accept data from trials conducted outside of the United States or the applicable jurisdiction. If the FDA, NMPA, EMA, or any applicable foreign regulatory authority does not accept such data, it may result in the need for additional trials, which would be costly and time-consuming and delay aspects of our business plan, and may result in our product candidates not receiving approval or clearance for commercialization in the applicable jurisdiction.

Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in one jurisdiction does not mean that we will succeed in obtaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in other jurisdictions.

Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in one jurisdiction does not guarantee that we will obtain or maintain regulatory approval in any other jurisdiction, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one jurisdiction may have a negative effect on the regulatory approval process in others. For example, even if the FDA, EMA, or comparable foreign regulatory authority grants marketing approval of a product candidate, comparable regulatory authorities in foreign jurisdictions must also approve the manufacturing, marketing, and promotion of the product candidate in those countries. Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from those in the United States, including additional preclinical studies or clinical trials, as clinical trials conducted in one jurisdiction may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions. In many jurisdictions outside the United States, a product candidate must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that jurisdiction. In some cases, the price that we intend to charge for our products is also subject to approval. Obtaining foreign regulatory approvals and compliance with foreign regulatory requirements could result in significant delays, difficulties, and costs for us and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in certain countries. If we or any partner we work with fails to comply with the regulatory requirements in international markets or fails to receive applicable marketing approvals, our target market will be reduced, and our ability to realize the full market potential of our product candidates will be harmed.

We may in the future seek orphan drug designation for our product candidates, but we may be unable to obtain orphan drug designation and, even if we obtain such designation, as we have done with APL-101, we may not be able to realize or maintain the benefits of such designation, including potential marketing exclusivity of our product candidates, if approved.

Regulatory authorities in some jurisdictions, including the United States and other major markets, may designate products intended to treat conditions or diseases affecting relatively small patient populations as orphan drugs. Under the Orphan Drug Act of 1983, the FDA may designate a drug or biologic product candidate as an orphan drug if it is intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally defined as having a patient population of fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or a patient population greater than 200,000 in the United States where there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing the product will be recovered from sales in the United States. Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting a marketing application. In the United States, orphan drug designation entitles a party to financial incentives such as tax advantages and user fee waivers. After the FDA grants orphan drug designation, the generic identity of the drug or biologic and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA.

Generally, if a product candidate with an orphan drug designation receives the first marketing approval for the indication for which it has such designation, the product is entitled to a period of marketing exclusivity, which precludes the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities from approving another marketing application for a

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